Personal Care Compositions Comprising Shaped Abrasive Particles

ABSTRACT

A personal care composition is disclosed comprising abrasive particles. The personal care composition may take a variety of forms such as a leave-on composition or an emulsion and/or may comprise one or more actives or agents.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/498,918, filed Jun. 20, 2011.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Personal care compositions are disclosed comprising shaped abrasiveparticles having unique shape and form.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Personal care compositions routinely include particulate material for avariety of purposes. One function for such particles is to provide acleansing benefit. Many particles are commonly used for this purpose andinclude inorganic materials like carbonate salt, clay, silica, silicate,shale ash, perlite and quartz sand or organic materials likepolypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylsilsesquioxane, nylon,polyacrylate and the like, which are often supplied as a powder or bead.

The problem with conventional materials is that while some scouring of asubstrate may be desired for cleansing efficacy, keratinous tissues suchas the skin are susceptible to damage from overly abrasive particles.Furthermore, such particles often have an undesirable texture forpersonal care compositions. For example, consumers selecting a facialcleanser may avoid compositions that feel gritty or coarse. Conversely,less aggressive particles may yield poor cleansing performance asevidenced by soil or make-up remaining on the skin after use of thecomposition. Formulators often must choose between over abrasiveparticles that may cause surface damage and have a poor feel profile butscour well and gentler particles with a better feel profile but withreduced cleansing efficacy.

A similar problem exists with personal care compositions having anexfoliation or microdermabrasion benefit. Selection of suitableparticles often requires a chose of undesirable feel or limitedefficacy.

In response to these problems, a need exists for new abrasive particlesthat may resolve the problem identified above as well as other issuesrelated to the formulation of personal care compositions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A personal care composition for cleansing keratinous tissue may compriseabrasive particles having two or more parameters selected from a meanEquivalent Circle diameter of between 10 μm to 1000 μm, 50 μm to 500 μm,75 μm to 350 μm, or 100 μm to 250 μm; a mean Circularity of between 0.10to 0.50 or between 0.35 to 0.45; a mean Solidity of between 0.40 to0.90, 0.70 to 0.90, or 0.45 to 0.85; a mean Roughness between 0.05 to0.30 or between 0.05 to 0.15; a packing density of between 10 to 250kg/m³, 50 to 150 kg/m³, 60 to 120 kg/m³, or 70 to 100 kg/m³; or ahardness of between 5 to 50 kg/mm² or 15 to 25 kg/mm². The personal carecomposition further comprises from about 1% to 10%, by weight of thecomposition, of a detersive surfactant; and a dermatologicallyacceptable carrier.

A personal care composition in the form of an emulsion having an oilphase and an aqueous phase may also comprise the aforementioned abrasiveparticles.

A personal care composition may comprise the aforementioned abrasiveparticles in addition to a dermatologically acceptable carrier and anactive or agent selected from a group consisting of sugar amines,vitamins, oil control agents, photosterols, hexamidine compounds,tightening agents, anti-wrinkle actives, anti-atrophy actives,flavonoids, N-acyl amino acid compounds, retinoids, peptides, UVactives, photostabilizers, anti-cellulite agents, desquamation actives,anti-acne actives, anti-oxidants, radical scavengers, conditioningagents, anti-inflammatory agents, tanning actives, skin lighteningagents, antiperspirant actives, sensates, anti-dandruff actives, andcombinations thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is an illustration a particle showing a convex hull.

FIG. 2A is an illustration of a particle with an area.

FIG. 2B is an illustration of the particle of FIG. 2 a with inscribeddiscs.

FIG. 2C is an illustration of the particle of FIG. 2 a with showing theA(0.8).

FIG. 3A is an illustration of a particle.

FIG. 3B is a magnified illustration of the edge of the particle shown inFIG. 3 a.

FIG. 4 is an electron microscopy image showing oxidized polyethyleneparticles.

FIG. 5 is an electron microscopy image showing abrasive particles A.

FIG. 6 is an electron microscopy image showing abrasive particles B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the totalcomposition, unless otherwise designated. All measurements areunderstood to be made at ambient conditions, where “ambient conditions”means conditions at about 25° C., under about one atmosphere ofpressure, and at about 50% relative humidity, unless otherwisedesignated. All numeric ranges are inclusive of narrower ranges;delineated upper and lower range limits are combinable to create furtherranges not explicitly delineated.

The compositions of the present invention can comprise, consistessentially of, or consist of, the components described herein. As usedherein, “consisting essentially of” means that the composition orcomponent may include additional ingredients, but only if the additionalingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristicsof the claimed compositions or methods.

The term “personal care composition” means compositions suitable fortopical application on mammalian keratinous tissue.

The term “apply” or “application,” as used in reference to acomposition, means to apply or spread the compositions of the presentinvention onto keratinous tissue such as the epidermis.

The term “keratinous tissue” refers to keratin-containing layersdisposed as the outermost protective covering of mammals (e.g., humans,dogs, cats, etc.) which includes, but is not limited to, skin, lips,hair, toenails, fingernails, cuticles, hooves, etc.

The term “dermatologically acceptable” means that the compositions orcomponents described are suitable for use in contact with human skintissue without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergicresponse, and the like.

The term “safe and effective amount” means an amount of a compound orcomposition sufficient to significantly induce a positive benefit.

The term “leave-on,” in reference to compositions, means a compositionintended to be applied to and allowed to remain on the keratinoustissue. These leave-on compositions are to be distinguished fromcompositions which are applied to the skin and subsequently (in a fewminutes or less) removed either by washing, rinsing, wiping, or thelike. Leave-on compositions exclude rinse-off applications such asshampoos, facial cleansers, hand cleansers, body wash, or bodycleansers. The leave-on compositions may be substantially free ofcleansing or detersive surfactants. For example, “leave-on compositions”may be left on the keratinous tissue for at least 15 minutes. Forexample, leave-on compositions may comprise less than 1% detersivesurfactants, less than 0.5% detersive surfactants, or 0% detersivesurfactants. The compositions may, however, contain emulsifying or otherprocessing surfactants that are not intended to provide any significantcleansing benefits when applied topically to the skin.

The term “derivatives” means an ester, ether, amide, hydroxy, and/orsalt structural analogue of the relevant compound.

The term “to structure” or “structure” means to increase viscosity,yield, thicken, solidify, or provide solid or crystalline structure tothe personal care composition

The term “soluble” means at least about 0.1 g of solute dissolves in 100ml of solvent, at 25° C. and 1 atm of pressure.

Abrasive Particles

The abrasive particles maybe made of a variety of materials or mixtureof materials. Suitable materials include organic or inorganic saltabrasives such as carbonate-derived salts, phosphate-derived salts,pyrophosphate-derived salts, silica or alumina derived salts,hydroxyapatite, diatomaceous, fuller earth, talc, etc., polymericabrasives containing polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polycarbonate,melamine, urea, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polystyrene, phenolic,polyesters, polyamide, or natural abrasives derived from cellulose,lingo-cellulose or shell such as nut shell, apple seeds, olive stones,apricot seed, kernel, wood, bamboo and plants.

In select embodiments, the abrasive particles are made from thepolymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene,polypropylene, PVC, polycarbonate, melamine, urea, polyurethane,polyacrylate, polystyrene, phenolic, polyesters, polyamide and mixturesthereof so as to include both homopolyers and copolymers. In otherembodiments, the abrasive particles are made from natural abrasivesderived from cellulose, lingo-cellulose or shell such as nut shell,apple seeds, olive stones, apricot seed, kernel, wood, bamboo and plantsand mixtures thereof.

Shearing or graining methods may be used to reduce the above materialsto abrasive particles featuring the distinct particle parameters asdescribed in detail below. Grain shaping methods include agglomerating,printing, carving, etc. Other shaping processes include mixing theabrasive materials in as fillers within a thermoplastic or solidifyingmatrix. Other reduction techniques include milling, grinding, cutting,and the like.

One technique to create the abrasive particles is by way of foaming theabrasive material itself or by foaming the abrasive material dispersedwithin a matrix. The resultant foam is reduced into abrasive particleswith having the distinct particle parameters described below. Foamingprocesses and foam structure are typically achieved via gas expansionprocess (e.g., either by injecting gas or solvent within the abrasiveprecursor and allowing expansion by pressure drop) and/or increasing oftemperature (e.g., extrusion foaming process or with in-situ generatedgas followed by hardening of the abrasive precursor such as apolyurethane foaming process). Alternatively, foam structures can alsobe achieved via emulsion process, followed by hardening and drying step.The foams may have either a close-cell or open-cell structures. It isbelieved that improved cleaning effect can be achieved with abrasiveparticle created from an open-cell foam.

In certain embodiments, suitable abrasive particles may be made from afoam having density of greater than 100 kg/m³ or, alternately, 500kg/m³. In other embodiments, a better cleaning effect can be achievedwith the foam density being below 500, 250, 100, 75, or 50 kg/m³ andabove 5, 10, 25, or 50 kg/m³.

It may be desirable that the foam has sufficient brittleness to favorthe reduction of the foam into particles (i.e., upon stress, the foamhas little tendency to deform but rather break into particles). Asuitable foam may have no-detectable phase transition (e.g., glasstransition or melting temperature) or may have a phase transitiontemperature significantly higher that the usage temperature. A suitablephase transition temperature may be at least 20° C. or 40° C. above theusage temperature for a composition containing the abrasive particle.

The foam may be reduced into the abrasive particles herein by grindingor milling the foam. Other suitable means include the use of erodingtools such as a high speed eroding wheel with dust collector wherein thesurface of the wheel is engraved with a pattern or is coated withabrasive sandpaper or the like to promote the foam to form the abrasiveparticles herein. In certain embodiments, the abrasive particlesobtained via reduction methods are single particles that do not haveresidual cell structure.

Particles may be produced by grinding the foam structure to target sizeand shape as described herein. The foam cell size may be a factor toyield particles of a particular. For example, if a large particle sizeis desired, a foam with a large cell size may be used and vice versa.Additionally, in order to preserve an optimal particle shape whilereducing the foam structure into a particle, it is advisable that thetarget particle size is not excessively below the dimension of the cellsize of the foam. For example, the target particle size is oneembodiment is not below about half of the foam cell size.

The foam may be reduced to particles in several stages. For example, thefoam may first be broken into pieces of a few cm in dimension bymanually chopping or cutting, or using a mechanical tool such as alumpbreaker, for example the Model 2036 from S Howes, Inc. of SilverCreek, N.Y. In a second stage, the lumps may be agitated using apropeller or saw toothed disc dispersing tool. In a third stage, a highshear mixer (such as the Ultra Turrax rotor stator mixer from IKA Works,Inc., Wilmington, N.C.) can be employed to reduce the particle size. Thesecond and third stages may be performed with the foam dispersed in acarrier.

A suitable foam for use in creation of the abrasive particles is styrenefoam. The styrene foam may be formed with a polymer comprising styrenemonomeric units and, optionally, other comonomers. In a particularembodiment, the abrasive particles comprise a covalently cross-linkedcopolymer of styrene-co-divinyl benzene. By “covalently cross-linkedcopolymer of styrene-co-divinyl benzene” it is meant herein a copolymercomprising mono-functional and multi-functional monomeric units such asdi-functional monomeric units, all derived from the vinyl benzenestructure, copolymerized to form a covalently cross-linked networkstructure. Other suitable divinyl benzene cross-linked styrene polymersinclude copolymers of styrene and divinyl benzene as well as at leastone additional monomeric unit, such as alkyl vinyl benzenes, for exampleethyl styrene, or alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid andmixtures thereof.

The principal monomeric components of the copolymer are styrene, variousstructural isomers (ortho, meta, para substituted) of divinyl benzeneand various structural isomers (ortho, meta, para substituted) of ethyl,as well as vinyl benzene. The latter is a by-product of the manufactureof divinyl benzene, present in varying amounts depending on the supplysource. Divinyl benzene provides covalent cross-links in the networkstructure via incorporation of each of its polymerizable vinyl groupsinto different propagating polymer chains. For a formulation comprisingequal parts of Styrene to DVB 55 (a mixture of divinyl benzene and ethylvinyl benzene in the weight ratio of 55:45, commercially available fromthe Dow Chemical Co.) there is approximately one difunctional monomerfor every three monofunctional monomers. Alternatively, monomers basedon chemical structures bearing styrene or divinyl benzene type ofchemical structures can also be prepared alone or copolymerized withstyrene or divinyl benzene into abrasive particles.

Suitable covalently cross-linked copolymers of styrene-co-divinylbenzene comprise about 20% or 40% to about 60% or 80% of styrene and thebalance of divinyl benzene and ethyl styrene in the weight ratio of55:45 (Commercially available as DVB 55 from the Dow Chemical Co.).

The covalently cross-linked copolymer of styrene-co-divinyl benzenepolymer may be obtained by any suitable means known to those skilled inthe art. A suitable production route for production of the foam is toform a water/oil High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) of water in themonomer mixture and polymerize in-situ, as described in U.S. Pat. No.6,369,121 (in particular, the section directed to the making of awater/oil High Internal Phase Emulsion as well as the apparatus for usetherein). In this embodiment, said water/oil High Internal PhaseEmulsion may be obtained by a method for continuous, once-throughproduction of a high internal phase emulsion, the method comprising thesteps of: a) providing a first phase; b) providing a second phase,wherein said second phase is substantially immiscible with said firstphase and the ratio of said first phase to said second phase is betweenabout 2:1 and about 250:1; c) processing said first and second phasesusing a first static mixer, having at least one segment, in a singlepass so as to provide sufficient shear to emulsify said first phase insaid second phase creating said high internal phase emulsion (HIPE)having a internal phase size distribution with a mean particle size. Themethod may further comprise a step wherein a portion of said processedHIPE is re-circulated from said outlet of said static mixer andintroduced into said inlet where said processed HIPE is processed withthe first phase and the second phase.

The first phase may be a water phase including a free radical initiator.The free radical initiator herein can be any conventional water-solublefree radical initiator. These include peroxygen compounds such assodium, potassium and ammonium persulfates, hydrogen peroxide, sodiumperacetate, sodium percarbonate and the like. Conventional redoxinitiator systems can also be used. Such systems are formed by combiningthe foregoing peroxygen compounds with reducing agents such as sodiumbisulfite, L-ascorbic acid or ferrous salts. The free radical initiatoris preferably present at up to about 20 mole percent based on the totalmoles of polymerizable monomers in the oil phase. The initiator may bepresent in an amount of from about 0.001 to 10 mole percent based on thetotal moles of polymerizable monomers in the oil phase.

The second phase may be the oil phase. The oil phase may comprise fromabout 80% to about 98% by weight, of the polymerizable monomers, and maycomprise from about 2% to about 20% by weight of, an emulsifier which issoluble in the oil phase and which is suitable for forming a stablewater-in-oil emulsion. Suitable emulsifiers for use herein can includeany of a number of conventional emulsifiers applicable for use in lowand mid-internal-phase emulsions. Suitable emulsifiers include nonionicmaterials and can have a wide range of HLB values. Examples of sometypical emulsifiers include sorbitan esters such as sorbitan laureates(e.g., SPAN® 20), sorbitan palmitates (e.g., SPAN® 40), sorbitanstearates (e.g., SPAN® 60 and SPAN® 65), sorbitan monooleates (e.g.,SPAN® 80), sorbitan trioleates (e.g., SPAN® 85), sorbitan sesquioleates(e.g., EMSORB® 2502), and sorbitan isostearates (e.g., CRILL® 6);polyglycerol esters and ethers (e.g., TRIODAN® 20); polyoxyethylenefatty acids, esters and ethers such as polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ethers,polyethoxylated oleyl alcohols (e.g. BRIJ® 92 and SIMUSOL®92), etc.;mono-, di-, and triphosphoric esters such as mono-, di-, andtriphosphoric esters of oleic acid (e.g., HOSTAPHAT KO3OON),polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters such as polyoxyethylene sorbitolhexastearates (e.g., TLAS® G-1050), ethylene glycol fatty acid esters,glycerol mono-isostearates (e.g., IMWITOR 780K), ethers of glycerol andfatty alcohols (e.g., CREMOPHOR WO/A), esters of polyalcohols, syntheticprimary alcohol ethylene oxide condensates (e.g., SYNPERONIC A2), monoand diglycerides of fatty acids (e.g., ATMOS® 300), and the like. Otherpreferred emulsifiers include the diglycerol esters derived frommonooleate, monomyristate, monopalmitate, and monoisostearate acids.

For preferred HIPEs herein, the emulsifiers include sorbitan monoestersof branched C16-C24 fatty acids, linear unsaturated C16-C22 fatty acids,and linear saturated C16-C24 fatty acids, such as sorbitan monooleate,sorbitan monomyristate, and sorbitan monoesters derived from coconutfatty acids; diglycerol monoesters of branched C16-C24 fatty acids,linear unsaturated C16-C22, fatty acids, or linear saturated C12-C14fatty acids, such as diglycerol monooleate (i.e., diglycerol monoestersof C18:1 fatty acids), diglycerol monomyristate, diglycerolmonoisostearate, and diglycerol monoesters of coconut fatty acids;diglycerol monoaliphatic ethers of branched C16-C24 alcohols (e.g.Guerbet alcohols), linear unsaturated C16-C22 alcohols, and linearsaturated C12-C14 alcohols (e.g., coconut fatty alcohols), and mixturesof these emulsifiers. Other emulsifiers include polyglycerol esteremulsifiers described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,287,207 and polyglycerol etheremulsifiers described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,451. Another suitableemulsifier is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,444,716. Such emulsifierscomprise a composition made by reacting a hydrocarbyl substitutedsuccinic acid or anhydride or a reactive equivalent thereof with eithera polyol (or blend of polyols), a polyamine (or blend of polyamines) analkanolamine (or blend of alkanol amines), or a blend of two or morepolyols, polyamines and alkanolamines. The lack of substantialcarbon-carbon unsaturation rendering them substantially oxidativelystable.

The produced HIPE emulsion may be heated (e.g., to at least about 65°C., about 80° C., or about 95° C.) to initiate the free radicalpolymerization and may be cured until substantially all of the monomer(at least about 99%) has been converted to polymer. A gradual gradientof temperature, rising from the mix temperature to an elevatedtemperature, for example rising to about 95° C. over a period of 30minutes is also feasible. The result foam is reduced according totechniques described above.

In another embodiment, the abrasive particles may be produced frompolyurethane foam. The polyurethane foam may be the reaction product ofdiisocyanate monomers and polyols, in the presence of catalyst. Thediisocyanate monomer can be aliphatic and/or aromatic. Polyurethanefoams can be made with varying density and hardness by varying the typeof diisocyanate monomer(s) and polyols and by adding other substances tomodify these characteristics. Other additives can be used to improve thestability of the polyurethane foam and other properties of thepolyurethane foam.

The choice of diisocyanate affects the stability of the polyurethaneupon exposure to light. Polyurethane foams made from aromaticdiisocyanates yellow with exposure to light, whereas those made fromaliphatic diisocyanates are color-stable. Due the discoloration of thepolyurethane foam containing aromatic diisocyanates, aliphaticdiisocyanates may be used in production of polyurethane foam. However bymixing aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanate monomers and keeping thearomatic diisocyanate monomer levels below 60%, 50%, or 40% of theweight of the diisocyanates, color-stable polyurethane foam can beprovided for the use as abrasives particles.

Suitable aromatic diisocyanate monomers include toluene diisocyanate(TDI), methylene dianiline diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric forms of MDA,polymeric form of TDI, and mixtures thereof. Suitable aliphaticdiisocyanate monomers include hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI),dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate (H12MDI), isophorone diisocyanate(IPI), lysine or lysine ester diisocynate (LDI), trimers of previous andmixtures thereof.

Example of suitable polyols include castor and/or soybean oil (includingethoxylated or propoxylated oils, including sulfated oils); sugars andpolysugars such as glucose, sucrose, dextrose, lactose, fructose,starch, cellulose; sugar alcohols such as glycol, glycerol, erythritol,thereitol, arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol,iditol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, polyglycitol andtrimethylolpropane. Other useful polyols formed by the reaction ofprevious polyols (including derivative from toluene dianiline) withdiethanol amine and propylene oxide (a non-exhaustive example is“sucrose” propoxylate).

Other suitable polyols to be used are aliphatic or aromatic glycols suchas ethylene glycol and polymeric derivatives such as polyethylene glycoldiol, propylene glycol and polymeric derivatives such as polypropyleneglycol diol, tetramethylene glycol and polymeric derivatives such aspolytetramethylene glycol.

Polyester polyols are also suitable polyols and polyester polyolsresulting from the reaction of acids (adipic, succinic, dodecandioc,azelaic, phtalic anhydride, isophthalic, terephtalic) and alcohols(ethylene glycol, 1,2 propylene glycol, 1,4 butane diol,2-CH3-1,3-propane diol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol,1,6-hexanediol, trimethylol propane, glycerin). Non-exhaustive examplesare polyethylenediol adipate, polypropylenediol adipate, polybutanedioladipate.

Other suitable polyols are polyethylene terephtalate and co-polymersderivatives such as polytheylene terephtalate glycols, acrylic polyols,polycarbonate polyols, polyols derived from dimethyl carbonate reactedwith polyols such as hexanediol, mannich polyols and amine terminatedpolyols and polycaprolactone polyols and mixtures thereof. Mixtures ofprevious alcohols are at times desirable to achieve the right chemicaland mechanical properties of the polyurethane foams.

In certain embodiments, the polyols ethylene glycol, glycerol,polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol,polycaprolactonediol, poly(ethylene adipate)diol, poly(hexamethyleneadipate)diol, castor oil, soy bean oil, sugars and polysugars andmixtures thereof.

The choice of polyol may have an effect on the biodegradability and thehardness of the polyurethane foam. For instance, in order to achieve themanufacture of biodegradable foams, hydrophilic polyols may be desirablesuch as ethyleneglycol-based or caprolactone-based-polyols and/orpolyols containing cleavable ester or carboxylic anhydride function suchas adipate-based polyols, optionally mixed with natural polyols such assugars and sugar alcohol derivatives, castor oil and mixtures thereof.In a particular embodiment, a biodegradable polyurethane foam may usepolyols having molecular weight from 400 to 4000 selected from the groupconsisting of polycaprolactonediol, polyethyleneglycol,poly(ethyleneadipate)diol, poly(hexamethylene adipate)diol and mixturesthereof. Furthermore, the addition of bioactive or biodegradablematerial during the foaming process may also yield polyurethane withsufficient biodegradability. Exemplary additives include lignin,molasses, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polylactide, polycaprolactone, oramino-acid.

The use of low molecular weight polyols with rigid molecular structuremay increase the overall hardness of the polyurethane foam. In certainembodiments, useful polyols to produce hard polyurethane foams may havean average molecular weight (M_(w)) below 2000, 1500 or 1000. Suitablepolyols include sucrose, ethylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol(M_(w)<400) and mixtures thereof. Additionally, in order to increase thehardness of the polyurethane foam, the use of polyols with high alcohol(or amine) function content may be desired. Polyols functionalitydefined by the OH number in mg KOH/g polyol may be above 150, 200, or300. Hydrolytic stability is a preferred feature of the polyurethanefoam when compositions are formulated in pH below 4 and in pH above 9.Suitable polyols providing hydrolytic stability are polycarbonates.

The polyurethane foam may be created with mostly closed foam cells ormostly open foam cells. In one embodiment, the foam has an open cellstructure. The resultant foam is reduced according to techniquesdescribed above.

In another embodiment, the abrasive particles may be produced frommelamine foam. A suitable melamine foam is a melamine-formaldehyde resinfoam. A suitable melamine-formaldehyde resin foam is commerciallyavailable under the trade name Basotect® from BASF.

Melamine foam may be prepared by blending the reactant materials ofmelamine and formaldehyde, or a precursor thereof, with a blowing agent,a catalyst and an emulsifier, injecting the resultant mixture into amold, and making the reaction mixture generate heat through a propermeans such as heating or irradiation with electromagnetic wave to causefoaming and curing. The molar ratio of melamine to formaldehyde (i.e.,melamine:formaldehyde) for producing the precursor is may be about 1:1.5to about 1:4 or about 1:2 to about 1:3.5. Formalin, which is an aqueoussolution of formaldehyde, is usually used as formaldehyde.

Other monomer may be included to form the melamine foam. Such monomersinclude aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, trimethylol acetaldehyde,acrolein, benzaldehyde, furfurol, glyoxal, phthalaldehyde,terephthalaldehyde; C1-5 alkyl-substituted melamines such asmethylolmelamine; methylmethylolmelamine and methylbutylolmelamine;urea; urethane; carbonic acid amides; dicyandiamide; guanidine;sulfurylamides; sulphonic acid amides; aliphatic amines; phenols and thederivatives thereof. The blowing agent may be pentane,trichlorofluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, etc. As the catalyst,formic acid is commonly used and, as the emulsifier, anionic surfactantssuch as sodium sulfonate may be used. The melamine foam may be reducedaccording to techniques described above. Additional description ofmelamine foam formation is provided in US Patent Application PublicationNos. 2010/0081604, 2010/0081605, and 2010/0081606.

The abrasive particles have a unique shape. The shape of the abrasivecleaning particle can be defined in various ways. The abrasive particlesmay have one or more of the following distinct particle parameters.Particle parameters include form factor, tip radius circularity, meanparticle size, solidity, roughness, packing density, and hardness.Recent analytical techniques allow an accurate simultaneous measurementof particle shapes from a large number of particles, typically greaterthan 10,000 particles (however greater sampling sizes are envisionedsuch as above about 50,000 particles or about 100,000 particles). Thisenables accurate tuning and/or selection of average particle populationshape with discriminative performance. Many of the measurement analysesof particle shape may be conducted using on Occhio Nano 500 ParticleCharacterisation Instrument with its accompanying software Callistroversion 25 (Occhio s.a. Liege, Belgium). This instrument is used toprepare, disperse, image and analyse the particle samples, as permanufacturer's instructions, and the following instrument settingselections: White Requested=180, vacuum time=5000 ms, sedimentationtime=5000 ms, automatic threshold, number of particlescounted/analyses=8000 to 500000, minimum number of replicates/sample=3,lens setting 1×/1.5×.

Particle Size—The abrasive particles have a size defined by theirarea-equivalent diameter (ISO 9276-6:2008(E) section 7) also calledEquivalent Circle Diameter ECD (ASTM F1877-05 Section 11.3.2). The meanECD of particle population is calculated as the average of respectiveECDs of each particle (excluding particles having ECD of below 10microns) of a particle population of at least 10,000 particles; howevergreater sampling sizes are envisioned such as above about 50,000particles or about 100,000 particles. Mean data are extracted fromvolume-based vs. number-based measurements. The abrasive particles havea mean ECD from 10 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, or 100 μm to 1000 μm, 500 μm, 350μm, or 250 μm. In a certain embodiment, the abrasive particles have amean ECD of about 100 μm to about 250 μm.

Circularity—The abrasive particles may be non-rolling. By non-rolling,it is meant that the abrasive particle slide across the target surface(e.g., skin) rather than roll across the surface. It is believed thatthis non-rolling character promotes improved cleansing efficacy andexfoliation benefits. Circularity is a quantitative, 2-dimension imageanalysis shape description as measured according to ISO 9276-6:2008(E)section 8.2 as implemented via the Occhio Nano 500 ParticleCharacterisation Instrument with its accompanying software Callistroversion 25 (Occhio s.a. Liege, Belgium). Circularity is a preferredmesoshape descriptor and is widely available in shape analysisinstrument such as in Occhio Nano 500 or in Malvern Morphologi G3.Circularity is sometimes described in literature as being the differencebetween a particle's shape and a perfect sphere.

Circularity values range from 0 to 1, where a circularity of 1 describesa perfectly spherical particles or disc particle as measured in a twodimensional image. Circularity is calculated by the following equation:

$C = \sqrt{\frac{4\pi \; A}{P^{2}}}$

wherein A is projection area, which is a 2D descriptor, and P is theperimeter length of the particle.

Abrasive particles may have a mean circularity from about 0.10, 0.15,0.20, 0.30, or 0.35 to about 0.50, 0.45, or 0.40. In a certainembodiment, the abrasive particles have a mean circularity of about 0.35to about 0.45. Mean data are extracted from volume-based vs.number-based measurements. By the term “mean circularity”, it is meantthe average of the circularity values of each particle (excludingparticles having an ECD of below 10 microns) taken from a population ofat least about 10,000 particles; however greater sampling sizes areenvisioned such as above about 50,000 particles or about 100,000particles.

Solidity—The abrasive particles may have a defined solidity. Solidity isa quantitative, 2-dimensional image analysis shape description, and isbeing measured according to ISO 9276-6:2008(E) section 8.2 asimplemented via the Occhio Nano 500 Particle Characterisation Instrumentwith its accompanying software Callistro version 25 (Occhio s.a. Liege,Belgium). The abrasive particles may have at least one edge or surfacehaving a concave curvature. Solidity is a mesoshape parameter, whichdescribes the overall concavity of a particle/particle population.Solidity values range from 0 to 1, where a solidity number of 1describes a non-concave particle, as measured in literature as being:

Solidity=A/Ac

wherein A is the area of the particle and Ac is the area of the convexhull (envelope) bounding the particle (i.e., area of the shaped definedby an imaginary elastic band about the particle). FIG. 1 depicts aparticle (2) showing a convex hull (4).

Solidity is sometime also named “Convexity” in literature and in someapparatus software. However, convexity is defined in ISO 9276-6 asconvexity=Pc/P where P is the length of the perimeter of the particleand P_(C) is length of the perimeter of the convex hull (envelope)bounding the particle). Despite solidity and convexity being similarmesoshape descriptors, the solidity measure expressed above by theOcchio Nano 500 (i.e., Solidity=A/Ac) is used herein.

The abrasive particles having a mean solidity from 0.40, 0.50, 0.60,0.70, or 0.75 to 0.90, or 0.85. In a certain embodiment, the abrasiveparticles have a mean solidity of about 0.75 to about 0.85 or 0.90. Meandata are extracted from volume-based vs. number-based measurements. Bythe term “mean solidity”, it is meant that the average of the solidityvalues of each particle (excluding particles having an ECD of below 10microns) taken from a population of at least about 10,000 particles;however greater sampling sizes are envisioned such as above about 50,000particles or about 100,000 particles.

Roughness—Roughness is a quantitative, 2-dimensional image analysisshape description, and is being measured according to ISO 9276-6:2008(E)section 8.2 as implemented via the Occhio Nano 500 ParticleCharacterisation Instrument with its accompanying software Callistroversion 25 (Occhio s.a. Liege, Belgium). Roughness defines, in 2Dmeasurement, the equivalent useful surface area outside of the coresurface area of the particles and ranges from 0 to 1. A Roughness of 0describes a particle with no useful mass available at the periphery ofthe core particle mass. Roughness is calculated as follows:

Rgy=(A−A(Oy)/A

wherein A is the area of the particle and A(Oγ) is the surface area ofwhat is considered the “core of the particle”. A−A(Oγ) represent the“useful area at the periphery of the particle and the Roughnessrepresents the fraction of that useful area vs. the total particle area.Oγ is called the tuneable tolerance factor and is typically set at 0.8,therefore the Roughness definition is Rgγ=(A−A(0.8)/A. In order tocalculate the A(0.8), the maximum amount of discs are inscribed withinthe particle contour at each point of the particle's edge. The size,e.g.: area of the discs (circles) inscribed is defined by the Discs'diameters whereas the diameter value ranges between 0.8×Dmax and Dmax(where Dmax is the diameter value of the biggest disc inscribed in theparticle). The core area of the particle A(0.8) is defined by the areacorresponding to the projection of all the inscribed discs. FIGS. 2 a-cdepict how to calculate Roughness from the particle. FIG. 2A depicts aparticle with an Area (A). FIG. 2B depicts the same particle withinscribed discs (circles) with various Diameters (D) include a disk witha maximum diameter (Dmax), a disc with a diameter 90% of the maximumdiameter (0.9×Dmax), and two discs with a diameter 80% of the maximumdiameter (0.8×Dmax). FIG. 2C depicts the particle with A(0.8) areacorresponding to the projection of all the inscribed discs that have adiameter at least 80% of the disk with the maximum diameter.

Roughness is useful in abrasive particles since the non-sphericalparticles should have significant mass of material available at theperiphery of its core. This peripheral mass is useful for cleaningperformance and also for preventing the particle from rolling.

The abrasive cleaning particles may have a mean roughness from 0.05,0.10, or 0.15 to about to 0.30, 0.28, 0.25, 0.20, or 0.15. In a certainembodiment, the abrasive particles have a mean roughness of about 0.05to about 0.15. Mean data are extracted from volume-based vs.number-based measurements. By the term “mean roughness”, it is meantthat the average of the roughness values of each particle (excludingparticles having an ECD of below 10 microns) taken from a population ofat least about 10,000 particles; however greater sampling sizes areenvisioned such as above about 50,000 particles or about 100,000particles.

Form Factor—The abrasive particles are non-spherical. Subjectively,non-spherical means having a shape different from a sphere. Morequantitatively, non-spherical means having a Form Factor (FF) of belowabout 0.75, 0.60, or about 0.50. Form Factor (FF) is a dimensionalindicator that defines how a given particle is different from a regularform of a sphere especially emphasizing irregular surface topology(e.g., surface roughness) as defined by ASTM F1877-05 (June 2009)chapter 11.3.6, wherein:

FF=(4×π×Surface Area)/(Perimeter)²

wherein “Surface Area” meaning the surface area (in μm²) of a particleand “Perimeter” the distance (in μm) around the cross-section of theparticle that contains the longest axis.

Edge Tip Radius—The abrasive particles in certain embodiments have sharpedges. FIG. 3A depicts an abrasive particle (10) with an edge (12). Thearea defined by the dashed circle is magnified in FIG. 3B. The sharpnessof a particle edge (12) is defined by the edge having an edge tip radius(r). The edge tip radius (r) is defined by the radius of an imaginarycircle (14) fitting the curvature of the edge extremity. The abrasiveparticle may have an edge tip radius of below about 8 μm, about 5 μm, orabout 3 μm.

Packing Density—The abrasive cleaning particles may have a prescribedpacking density. Packing density incorporates intrinsic information ofthe abrasive particles, which are otherwise known to have an impact onthe cleaning performance, such as particle size and particle shape.Packing density also includes mass-efficient information taking intoaccount the density of the raw material of the particle. Abrasiveparticles with too high of a packing density may have low cleaningperformance while abrasive particles with too low of a packing densitymay have intrinsic fragility inadequate for cleaning purpose viamechanical abrasion. The abrasive particles may have a packing densityranging from 10, 50, 60, or 70 kg/m³ to 250, 150, 120, or 100 kg/m³. Ina certain embodiment, the abrasive particles have a packing density ofabout 70 kg/m³ to about 100 kg/m³.

Packing density is calculated as follows. One tenth of a gram (0.1g+/−0.001 g) of dry particles is placed into a 20 ml precise metricgraduated Pyrex® volumetric cylinder (as available from Sigma-Aldrich).The cylinder is sealed (e.g. with a stopper or film), and subsequentlyshaken using a Vortex mixer (for example, the model L-46 Power Mix fromLabinco DNTE SP-016) at 2500 rpm (maximum speed) for 30 seconds. Thevolume of the particles is measured after vibration. If the volume isbetween 5 to 15 ml, this is converted accordingly into packing densityas expressed in kg/m³. If the volume of 0.1 g is less than 5 ml, thentwo tenths of a gram (0.2 g+/−0.001 g) of dry particles is used tore-run the test in clean cylinder. If the volume of the 0.2 g is lessthan 5 ml, then half a gram (0.5 g+/−0.001 g) of dry particles is usedto re-run the test in a clean cylinder. If the volume of the 0.5 g isless than 5 ml, then one gram (1.0 g+/−0.001 g) of dry particles is usedto re-run the test in a clean cylinder, with volumes between 3 to 15 mlconverted into kg/m³ for packing density.

Hardness—The abrasive particles should be hard enough to provide goodcleaning/cleansing performance while providing good surface safetyand/or skin feel acceptability. The abrasive particles in the presentinvention may have hardness from 3, 4, 5, 10, or 15 kg/mm² to 50, 25,20, or 15 kg/mm² according to HV Vickers hardness. In a certainembodiment, the abrasive particles have a hardness of about 15 to about25 kg/mm².

Hardness is calculated as follows. Vickers hardness HV is measured at23° C. according to standard methods ISO 14577-1, ISO 14577-2, ISO14577-3. The Vickers hardness is measured from a solid block of the rawmaterial at least 2 mm in thickness. In other words, hardness is measureof the precursor material before reduction (e.g., cutting, grinding,milling) to particles. The Vickers hardness micro indentationmeasurement is carried out by using the Micro-Hardness Tester (MHT),manufactured by CSM Instruments SA, Peseux, Switzerland, using thegeneral settings as follows: Control mode=Displacement, Continuous;Maximum displacement=200 μm; Approach speed=20 nm/s; Zero pointdetermination=at contact; Hold period to measure thermal drift atcontact=60 s; Force application time=30 s; Frequency of data logging=atleast every second; Hold time at maximum force=30 s; Force removaltime=30 s; and Shape/Material of intender tip=Vickers PyramidShape/Diamond Tip.

As per the ISO 14577 instructions, the test surface should be flat andsmooth, having a roughness (Ra) value less than 5% of the maximumindenter penetration depth. For a 200 μm maximum depth this equates to aRa value less than 10 μm. As per ISO 14577, such a surface may beprepared by any suitable means, which may include cutting the block oftest material with a new sharp microtome or scalpel blade, grinding,polishing or by casting melted material onto a flat, smooth casting formand allowing it to thoroughly solidify prior testing.

Alternatively, the abrasive cleaning particles in the present inventionhardness may also be expressed according to the MOHS hardness scale. Theabrasive cleaning particles may have a MOHS hardness is between 0.5 and3.5 or between 1 and 3. The MOHS hardness scale is an internationallyrecognized scale for measuring the hardness of a compound versus acompound of known hardness, see Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,Kirk-Othmer, 4th Edition Vol 1, page 18 or Lide, D. R (ed) CRC Handbookof Chemistry and Physics, 73 rd edition, Boca Raton, Fla.: The RubberCompany, 1992-1993. Many MOHS Test kits are commercially availablecontaining material with known MOHS hardness. For measurement andselection of abrasive material with selected MOHS hardness, it isrecommended to execute the MOHS hardness measurement with un-shapedparticles e.g.: with spherical or granular forms of the abrasivematerial since MOHS measurement of shape particles will provideerroneous results.

Personal Care Composition

The personal care composition may comprise the aforementioned abrasiveparticles or combinations of said particles. The personal carecomposition may comprise from 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, or 1% to 20%, 10%, 7%,or 4%, by weight of the total composition, of said abrasive particles.

The personal care composition may be a skin care, anti-perspirant,deodorant, cosmetic, or hair care product. The personal care compositionmay be used as, for example, a moisturizer, conditioner, anti-agingcompound, skin lightener, sunscreen, sunless tanner, shave preparation,lipstick, foundation, mascara, after-shave, and combinations thereof. Incertain embodiments, the composition is applied to the face, neck,hands, arms, and other typically exposed areas of the body.

The personal care composition may involve a wide variety of forms.Non-limiting examples include simple solutions (e.g., water or oilbased), dispersions, and emulsions. The personal care composition may besubstantially anhydrous. “Substantially anhydrous” means that thecomposition comprises no more than about 1%, 0.5%, or, 0% water. Thepersonal care compositions may be fluid or solid (gels, sticks, flowablesolids, amorphous materials). In certain embodiments, the personal carecomposition is in the form of an emulsion. Emulsion may be generallyclassified as having a continuous aqueous phase (e.g., oil-in-water andwater-in-oil-in-water) or a continuous oil phase (e.g., water-in-oil andoil-in-water-in-oil).

In certain embodiment, the personal care composition has a turbidity offrom about 5 NTU to less than about 3000 NTU, 1000 NTU, 500 NTU, or 100NTU.

In select embodiments, the personal care composition may be in a formcomprising at least one discrete, visually distinct first phase and atleast one discrete, visually distinct second phase. For purposes ofthese select embodiments, “visually distinct” means that the phases canbe separately seen by the human eye as distinctly separate regions(i.e., not emulsions or dispersions of particles. In one embodiment, atleast one phase forms a stable pattern, for example a continuous ordiscontinuous line, a spiral, a curve, or other geometric shape, withina transparent phase, where “within” means that one phase issubstantially surrounded by the other phase the and does not contact theside of a container. Alternatively, the phases may form a swirledpattern, wherein both phases alternately contact the side of a containerand wherein the width of each of phase, when viewed through the side ofa transparent container, is substantially constant, but may differ fromeach other. Alternatively, the phases may form a marbled pattern,wherein the phases alternately contact the side of the container andwherein the width of the individual phases, when viewed through the sideof a transparent container, may vary throughout the composition. In oneembodiment, the first phase is a transparent, clear or translucentaqueous phase and the second phase is either an opaque white or colorednon-aqueous phase. In another alternative embodiment, at least oneaqueous phase forms a pattern within a non-aqueous phase. It isrecognized that the composition optionally may comprise a three or morevisually distinct and stable phases. Discrete, visually distinctmulti-phase compositions are described in U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication Nos. 2007/0297996, 2004/0057920, and 2004/0219119.

Carriers

The personal care composition may comprise a carrier. Carriers may beselected for various stability, aesthetics, and/or compatibility withother materials present in the personal care composition.

Suitable carriers include water and/or water soluble solvents. Thepersonal care composition may comprise from about 1% to about 95% byweight of water and/or water-equivalent solvent. The composition maycomprise from about 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%,50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% to about 90%, 85%, 80%,75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or5% water and/or a water-equivalent solvent. “Water-equivalent solvent”refers to a compound which has a similar ability as water to solubilizea material. Suitable water-equivalent solvents include monohydricalcohols, dihydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, glycerol, glycols,polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.Particularly suitable solvents, include lower aliphatic alcohols such asethanol, propanol, butanol, isopropanol; diols such as 1,2-propanediol,1,3-propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, heptanediol,decanediol; glycerin; water, and mixtures thereof. In certainembodiments, the personal care composition comprises water, diols,glycerin, and combinations thereof.

Suitable carriers also include oils. The personal care composition maycomprise from about 1% to about 95% by weight of one or more oils. Thecomposition may comprise from about 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%,35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% to about90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%,20%, 15%, 10%, or 5% of one or more oils. Oils may be used tosolubilize, disperse, or carry materials that are not suitable for wateror water-equivalent solvents. Suitable oils include silicones,hydrocarbons, esters, fatty amides, ethers, and mixtures thereof. Oilsmay be fluid at room temperature. However, certain personal care productforms (i.e., solid or semi-solid stick) may require non-fluid oils. Theoils may be volatile or nonvolatile. “Non-volatile” means a materialthat exhibits a vapor pressure of no more than about 0.2 mm Hg at 25° C.at one atmosphere and/or a material that has a boiling point at oneatmosphere of at least about 300° C. “Volatile” means that the materialexhibits a vapor pressure of at least about 0.2 mm of mercury at 20° C.Volatile oils may be used to provide a lighter feel when a heavy, greasyfilm is undesirable.

Suitable oils include volatile oils. In certain embodiments, thevolatile oils may have a viscosity ranging from about 0.5 to about 5centistokes 25° C. Volatile oils may be used to promote more rapiddrying of the skin care composition after it is applied to skin.Nonvolatile oils are also suitable for use in the composition.Nonvolatile oils are often used for emolliency and protectiveproperties. Nonvolatile oils preferably may have a viscosity rangingfrom about 5 to about 800,000 cst (or greater) or from about 20 to about200,000 cst.

Suitable silicone oils include polysiloxanes. Polylsiloxanes may have aviscosity of from about 0.5 to about 1,000,000 centistokes at 25° C.Such polysiloxanes can be represented by the general chemical formula:

R₃SiO[R₂SiO]_(X)SiR₃

wherein R is independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₃₀ straight orbranched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, phenyl or aryl,trialkylsiloxy; and x is an integer from 0 to about 10,000, chosen toachieve the desired molecular. In certain embodiments, R is hydrogen,methyl, or ethyl. Commercially available polysiloxanes include thepolydimethylsiloxanes, which are also known as dimethicones, examples ofwhich include the DM-Fluid series from Shin-Etsu, the Vicasil® seriessold by Momentive Performance Materials Inc., and the Dow Corning® 200series sold by Dow Corning Corporation. Specific examples of suitablepolydimethylsiloxanes include Dow Corning® 200 fluids (also sold asXiameter® PMX-200 Silicone Fluids) having viscosities of 0.65, 1.5, 50,100, 350, 10,000, 12,500 100,000, and 300,000 centistokes.

Suitable dimethicones include those represented by the chemical formula:

R₃SiO[R₂SiO]_(X)[RR′SiO]_(y)SiR₃

wherein R and R′ are each independently hydrogen or C₁₋₃₀ straight orbranched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, or trialkylsiloxy;and x and y are each integers of 1 to 1,000,000 selected to achieve thedesired molecular weight. Suitable silicones include phenyl dimethicone(Botansil™ PD-151 from Botanigenics, Inc.), diphenyl dimethicone (KF-53and KF-54 from Shin-Etsu), phenyl trimethicone (556 Cosmetic Grade Fluidfrom Dow Corning), or trimethylsiloxyphenyl dimethicone (PDM-20,PDM-200, or PDM-1000 from Wacker-Belsil). Other examples include alkyldimethicones wherein at least R′ is a fatty alkyl (e.g., C₁₂₋₂₂). Asuitable alkyl dimethicone is cetyl dimethicone, wherein R′ is astraight C16 chain and R is methyl. Cetyl dimethicone, is available as s2502 Cosmetic Fluid from Dow Corning or as Abil Wax 9801 or 9814 fromEvonik Goldschmidt GmbH.

Cyclic silicones are one type of silicone oil that may be used in thecomposition. Such silicones have the general formula:

wherein R is independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₃₀ straight orbranched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, phenyl or aryl,trialkylsiloxy; and where n=3-8 and mixtures thereof. Commonly, amixture of cyclomethicones is used where n is 4, 5, and/or 6.Commercially available cyclomethicones include Dow Corning UP-1001 UltraPure Fluid (i.e. n=4), Dow Corning XIAMETER® PMX-0245 (i.e. n=5), DowCorning XIAMETER® PMX-0245 (i.e. n=6), Dow Corning 245 fluid (i.e. n=4and 5), and Dow Corning 345 fluid (i.e. n=4, 5, and 6).

Other silicone oils suitable for use in the personal care compositioninclude polymers having the general formula:

(R₁)_(a)G_(3-a)-Si—(—OSiG₂)_(n)-(—OSiG_(b)(R₁)_(2-b))_(m)—O—SiG_(3-a)(R₁)_(a)

wherein G is hydrogen, phenyl, hydroxy, or C₁-C₈ alkyl, preferablymethyl; a is a number 0-3; b is 0 or 1, preferably 1; n is a number from0 to 1,999 (alternately, from 49 to 499); m is an integer from 1 to2,000 (alternately, from 1 to 10); the sum of n and m is a number from 1to 2,000 (alternately, from 50 to 500); R₁ is a monovalent radicalconforming to the general formula (CH₂)_(q)L, wherein q is an integerhaving a value from 1 to 8 and L is selected from the following groups:

—N(R₂)CH₂—CH₂—N(R₂)₂

—N(R₂)₂

—N(R₂)₃A⁻

—N(R₂)CH₂—CH₂—NR₂H₂A⁻

wherein R₂ is hydrogen, phenyl or aryl, or a saturated hydrocarbonradical, preferably an alkyl radical from about C₁ to about C₂₀, and A⁻is a halide ion. An exemplary silicone polymer istrimethylsilylamodimethicone as shown in the following formula:

Another exemplary silicone polymer is represented by the generalformula:

wherein R³ is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical from C₁ to C₁₈,preferably an alkyl or alkenyl, such as methyl; R₄ is a hydrocarbon,preferably a C₁ to C₁₈ alkylene or a C₁₀ to C₁₈ alkyleneoxy, morepreferably a C₁ to C₈ alkyleneoxy; Q⁻ is a halide ion, preferablychloride; r is an average statistical value from 2 to 20, preferablyfrom 2 to 8; s is an average statistical value from 20 to 200,preferably from 20 to 50. A suitable polymer of this class is known asUCARE SILICONE ALE 56™, available from Union Carbide. Other suitablesilicone materials are disclosed in US Patent Application PublicationNo. 2007/0039103 A1.

Suitable hydrocarbon oils include straight or branched chain alkanes andalkenes. The chain length may be selected based on desired functionalcharacteristics such as volatility. Suitable hydrocarbon oils may havebetween 5-20 carbon atoms or, alternately, between 8-16 carbon atoms.Suitable hydrocarbons include pentane, hexane, heptane, decane,dodecane, tetradecane, tridecane, and C₈₋₂₀ isoparaffins as disclosed inU.S. Pat. Nos. 3,439,088 and 3,818,105. Suitable hydrocarbons includeisooctane, isododecane, isohexadecane, isoeicosane by PermethylCorporation under the tradename Permethyl®. Suitable hydrocarbon oilsmay have greater than about 20 carbon atoms. Examples of suchhydrocarbon oils include C₂₄₋₂₈ olefins, C₃₀₋₄₅ olefins, C₂₀₋₄₀isoparaffins, hydrogenated polyisobutene, polyisobutene, polydecene,hydrogenated polydecene, mineral oil, pentahydrosqualene, squalene,squalane, and mixtures thereof.

Other suitable oils include esters. Suitable esters typically contain atleast 10 carbon atoms. These esters include esters with hydrocarbylchains derived from fatty acids or alcohols (e.g., mono-esters,polyhydric alcohol esters, and di- and tri-carboxylic acid esters). Thehydrocarbyl radicals of the esters hereof may include or have covalentlybonded thereto other compatible functionalities, such as amides andalkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether linkages, etc.). Exemplary estersinclude, but are not limited to, isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate,isohexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate,isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropylisostearate, dihexyldecyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate,cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl myristate, laurylacetate, cetyl propionate, and oleyl adipate. Other suitable esters arefurther described in the Personal Care Product Council's InternationalCosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010,under the functional category of “Esters.”

Other esters suitable for use in the personal care composition includemono-carboxylic acid esters of the general formula R′COOR, wherein R′and R are straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl,aryl, and wherein sum of carbon atoms in R′ and R is at least 10, Asuitable monoester is alkyl benzoate such as C12-15 alkyl benzoate.

Other esters suitable for use in the personal care composition includedi- and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, such as estersof C₄ to C₈ dicarboxylic acids (e.g. C₁ to C₂₂ esters, preferably C₁ toC₆, of succinic acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid). Specificnon-limiting examples of di- and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters ofcarboxylic acids include isocetyl stearyol stearate, diisopropyladipate, dibutyl adipate, and tristearyl citrate.

Other esters suitable for use in the personal care composition includethose known as polyhydric alcohol esters. Such polyhydric alcohol estersinclude alkylene glycol esters, such as ethylene glycol mono anddi-fatty acid esters, diethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters,polyethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, propylene glycolmono- and di-fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol monooleate,polypropylene glycol 2000 monostearate, ethoxylated propylene glycolmonostearate, glyceryl mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polyglycerolpoly-fatty acid esters, ethoxylated glyceryl monostearate, 1,3-butyleneglycol monostearate, 1,3-butylene glycol distearate, polyoxyethylenepolyol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid esters, andpolyoxy-ethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters.

Still other esters suitable for use in the personal care compositioninclude glycerides, including, but not limited to, mono-, di-, andtri-glycerides. For use in the compositions described herein, theglycerides may be mono-, di-, and tri-esters of glycerol and long chaincarboxylic acids, such as C₁₀ to C₂₂ carboxylic acids. A variety ofthese types of materials can be obtained from vegetable and animal fatsand oils, such as castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil,olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil,sweet almond oil, apricot kernel oil, camelina sativa oil, rapeseed oil,tamanu seed oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, lanolin oil, soybean oil, andthe like. Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, triolein andtristearin glyceryl dilaurate. Other glyceryl esters of fatty acidsinclude fatty acid mono-, di-, and triglycerides which are natural fatsor oils that have been modified such as glyceryl stearate, diglyceryldiiosostearate, polyglyceryl-3 isostearate, polyglyceryl-4 isostearate,polyglyceryl-6 ricinoleate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl diisotearate,glyceryl tetraisostearate, glyceryl trioctanoate, diglyceryl distearate,glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl myristate, glyceryl isostearate, PEG castoroils, PEG glyceryl oleates, PEG glyceryl stearates, PEG glyceryltallowates, and the like.

Other suitable oils include fatty amides. Fatty amides include compoundshaving an amide functional group while being liquid at 25° C. andinsoluble in water. In certain embodiments, the fatty amide may have thegeneral formula:

wherein R1 is an optionally functionalized, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic orcyclic, saturated or unsaturated, monovalent hydrocarbon radicalcontaining from 1 to 30 carbon atoms (alternately, from 1 to 22 carbonatoms); R2, R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, are hydrogenor optionally functionalized, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or cyclic,saturated or unsaturated, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals containingfrom 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; r is 0or 1; q is an integer from 0 to 2; and p equals 0 or 1. Particular fattyamides include N-acetyl-N-butylaminopropionate, isopropylN-lauroylsarcosinate, and N,N,-diethyltoluamide. Other suitable fattyamides are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,872,401.

Other suitable oils include ethers. Suitable ethers include saturatedand unsaturated fatty ethers of a polyhydric alcohol, and alkoxylatedderivatives thereof. Exemplary ethers include C₄₋₂₀ alkyl ethers ofpolypropylene glycols, and di-C₈₋₃₀ alkyl ethers. Suitable examples ofthese materials include PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether,dioctyl ether, dodecyl octyl ether, and mixtures thereof.

Emulsifiers

The personal care composition may comprise an emulsifier. An emulsifieris particularly suitable when the composition is in the form of anemulsion or if immiscible materials are being combined. The skin carecomposition may comprise from about 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, or 1%to about 20%, 10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, or 1% emulsifier. Emulsifiers may benonionic, anionic or cationic. Non-limiting examples of emulsifiers aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,560, U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,769, andMcCutcheon's, Emulsifiers and Detergents, 2010 Annual Ed., published byM. C. Publishing Co. Other suitable emulsifiers are further described inthe Personal Care Product Council's International Cosmetic IngredientDictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2006, under the functionalcategory of “Surfactants—Emulsifying Agents.”

Suitable emulsifying ethers and esters include:

Ethers of polyglycols and of fatty alcohols—including saturated orunsaturated C₁₂₋₃₀ alcohols (e.g., oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearylalcohol or behenyl alcohol) and polyglycols comprising n number ofoxyalkylene groups wherein n=an integer from 1 to 200 or, alternately,from 2 to 30 (e.g., 1 to 20 oxyethylene groups). Particular examplesinclude compounds with the INCI names of steareth-n, beheneth-n oroleth-n. Suitable examples include compounds having the INCI namessteareth-8, steareth-10, steareth-16, steareth-20, ceteth-10, laureth-4,laureth-3, trideceth-6, ceteareth-5, oleth-10, and beneth-10.

Esters of polyglycols and of fatty acids—including saturated orunsaturated C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid, cetylic acid, stearicacid) and polyglycols comprising n number of oxyalkylene groups whereinn=an integer from 1 to 200 or alternately, 1 to 50 (e.g., 1 to 20oxyethylene groups). Particular examples include compounds with the INCIname PEG-n stearate or PEG-n oleate). Suitable examples includepolyethylene glycol-8 monostearate, polyethylene glycol-10, orpolyethylene glycol-12 distearate.

Ethers of polyglycols and of fatty alcohols which areglycosylated—including C₁₂₋₃₀ alcohols having from 1 to 10 glycosylgroups and polyglycols comprising n number of oxyalkylene groups whereinn=an integer from 1 to 200 (e.g., 1 to 20 oxyethylene groups). Asuitable example includes polyoxyethylenated (20 OE) methyl glucosedistearate.

Esters of polyglycols and of fatty acids which areglycosylated—including C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids having from 1 to 10 glycosylgroups and polyglycols comprising n number of oxyalkylene groups whereinn=an integer from 1 to 200 (e.g., 1 to 20 oxyethylene groups).

Ethers of C₁₂₋₃₀ alcohols and of glycerol or of polyglycerol—A suitableexample includes polyglyceryl-3 cetyl ether, such as Chimexane NL fromChimex,

Esters of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids and of glycerol or ofpolyglycerol—including esters comprising from 1 to 10 glycerol groups.Particular examples include hexa-glyceryl monosterate, diglyceryldistearate, tetraglyceryl tristearate, decaglyceryl decastearate,diglyceryl monostearate, hexaglyceryl tristearate, decaglycerylpentastearate, the ester of glycerol and of palmitic and stearic acids,and glyceryl mono- and dibehenate.

Ethers of oxyalkylene-modified C₁₂₋₃₀ alcohols and of glycerol orpolyglycerol.

Ethers of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty alcohols comprising and of sucrose orglucose—Suitable examples include compounds with the INCI names ofC12-18 alkylglucoside, C12-20 alkylglucoside (e.g., Montanov L fromSeppic), cetearyl glucoside (e.g., a mixture with cetearyl alcohol underthe reference Montanov 68 from Seppic), myristyl glucoside (e.g., amixture with myristyl alcohol under the reference Montanov 14 fromSeppic) or cetearyl glucoside (e.g., Tegocare CG 90 from EvonikGoldschmidt),

Esters of sucrose and of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids—Particular examples includesucrose distearate or sucrose tristearate, sucrose cocoate, sucrosedilaurate, sucrose distearate, sucrose hexaerucate, sucrosehexapalmitate, sucrose laurate, sucrose mortierellate, sucrosemyristate, sucrose oleate, sucrose palmitate, sucrose pentaerucate,sucrose polybehenate, sucrose polycottonseedate, sucrose polylaurate,sucrose polylinoleate, sucrose polyoleate, sucrose polypalmate, sucrosepolysoyate, sucrose polystearate, sucrose ricinoleate, sucrose stearate,sucrose tetraisostearate, and sucrose trilaurate. A suitable exampleincludes the mixture of esters (mono- and polyesters) of stearic acidand of sucrose sold as Crodesta Fl 10 by Croda.

Esters of pentaerythritol and of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids—Particular examplesinclude pentaerythritol tetrastearate.

Esters of sorbitol and/or of sorbitan and of C₁₂₋₃₀ fattyacids—Particular examples include sorbitan monostearate, sorbitantristearate, or sorbitan laurate, such as Span 20 from Uniqema,

Ethers of sorbitol and/or of sorbitan and of alkoxylatedsorbitan—Suitable examples include sorbeth-8 beeswax or sorbeth-20beeswax from Nikko Chemical.

Ethers of polyglycols and of cholesterol—Particular examples includecholeth-3, choleth-10 (such as Emalex CS-10 from Nihon EmulsionCompany), choleth-15 (such as Emalex CS-15 from Nihon Emulsion Company)or choleth-20 (such as Emalex CS-20 from Nihon Emulsion Company).

Esters of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids and of alkoxylated ethers of sorbitoland/or of Suitable examples include polysorbate-60, polysorbate-61,sorbeth-3 isostearate, polyoxyethylenated 4 OE sorbitan monostearate,and polyoxyethylenated 20 OE sorbitan tristearate.

Linear or branched type silicone emulsifiers may also be used.Particularly useful polyether modified silicones include KF-6011,KF-6012, KF-6013, KF-6015, KF-6015, KF-6017, KF-6043, KF-6028, andKF-6038 from Shin Etsu. Also particularly useful are thepolyglycerolated linear or branched siloxane emulsifiers includingKF-6100, KF-6104, and KF-6105 from Shin Etsu. Exemplary materialsinclude materials with the following International Nomenclature ofCosmetic Ingredients (INCI) designations: Bis-ButyldimethiconePolyglyceryl-3; Bis-PEG/PPG-14/14 Dimethicone; Bis-butyldimethiconePolyglyceryl-3; Bis-isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7 Dimethicone copolymer;Bis-PEG/PPG-18/6 Dimethicone; Bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone;Bis-PEG/PPG-16/16 PEG/PPG-16/16 Dimethicone; Bis(PPG-7Undeceneth-21-Dimethicone; Cetyl Dimethicone PEG-7 Acetate; Cetyl PEG-8Dimethicone; Cetyl PEG/PPG-15/16 Butyl Ether Dimethicone; CetylPEG/PPG-15/15 Butyl Ether Dimethicone; Cetyl PEG/PPG-7/3 Dimethicone;Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone; Dimethicone PEG-15 Acetate; DimethiconePEG-7 Cocoate; Dimethicone PEG-7 Phosphate; Dimethicone PEG-10Phosphate; Dimethicone PEG/PPG-7/4 Phosphate; Dimethicone PEG/PPG-12/4Phosphate; Dimethicone PEG-7 Undecylenate; Lauryl Dimethicone PEG-10Phosphate; Isopolyglyceryl-3 Dimethicone; Isopolyglyceryl-3Dimethiconol; Isostearyl Carboxyldecyl PEG-8 Dimethicone; LaurylMethicone PEG-10 Phosphate; Lauryl PEG-8 Dimethicone; Lauryl PEG-10Methyl Ether Dimethicone; Lauryl PEG/PPG-18/18 Methicone; PEG-6 MethylEther Dimethicone; PEG-7 Methyl Ether Dimethicone; PEG-9 Methyl EtherDimethicone; PEG-10 Methyl Ether Dimethicone; PEG-11 Methyl EtherDimethicone; PEG-11 Methyl Ether Dimethicone; PEG-32 Methyl EtherDimethicone; PEG-PEG/PPG-28/21 Acetate Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-22/22 ButylEther Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-23/23 Butyl Ether Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-24/18Butyl Ether Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-3/10 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-4/12Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-6/11 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-8/14 Dimethicone;PEG/PPG-12/16 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-12/18 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-14/4Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-15/5 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-15/15 Dimethicone;PEG/PPG-16/2 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-16/8 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-17/18Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-18/12 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-19/19 Dimethicone;PEG/PPG-20/6 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-20/15 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-20/20Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-20/29 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-22/23 Dimethicone;PEG/PPG-22/24 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-25/25 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-27/27Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-30/10 Dimethicone; PEG/PPG-10/3 Oleyl EtherDimethicone; PEG-8 trisiloxane; Polyglyceryl-3 PolydimethylsiloxyethylDimethicone; PPG-12 Butyl Ether Dimethicone; Silicone Quaternium-17;TEA-Dimethicone PEG-7 Phosphate; and mixtures thereof.

Emulsifiers also include emulsifying silicone elastomers. Suitableemulsifying silicone elastomers may include at least one polyalkyl etheror polyglycerolated unit. These cross-linked elastomers may also beco-modified to include alkyl substituents. Suitable formation techniquesare described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,236,986; 5,412,004; 5,837,793; and5,811,487. Polyoxyalylenated emulsifying silicone elastomers that may beused in at least one embodiment of the invention include those sold byShin-Etsu Silicones under the names KSG-21, KSG-20, KSG-30, KSG-31,KSG-32, KSG-33; KSG-210 (dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer dispersed indimethicone); KSG-310 (PEG-15 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer); KSG-320(PEG-15 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer dispersed in isododecane);KSG-330 (PEG-15 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer dispersed intriethylhexanoin), KSG-340 (PEG-10 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer andPEG-15 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer). Other silicone emulsifyingelastomers are supplied by Dow Corning™, including PEG-12 dimethiconecrosspolymers (DC 9010 and 9011). Other suitable silicone emulsifierssold by Dow Corning include DC9010 and DC9011.

Polyglycerolated emulsifying silicone elastomers are disclosed in PCT/WO2004/024798. Such elastomers include Shin-Etsu's KSG series, such asKSG-710 (dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer dispersed indimethicone); or lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymerdispersed in a variety of solvent such as isododecane, dimethicone,triethylhexanoin, available as KSG-810, KSG-820, KSG-830, or KSG-840from Shin-Etsu.

Another suitable crosslinked silicone elastomer emulsifier isdimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer, which provides excellent aestheticsdue to its elastomeric backbone, but also excellent emulsificationproperties. Further examples of crosslinked organosiloxane emulsifiersinclude, but are not limited to dimethicone/dimethicone PEG/PPG 15crosspolymer; dimethicone PEG-10 crosspolymer; dimethicone PEG-10/15crosspolymer; dimethicone PEG-15 crosspolymer; dimethiconepolyglycerin-3 crosspolymer; dimethicone PPG-20 crosspolymer; lauryldimethicone PEG-15 crosspolymer; lauryl dimethicone polyglycerin-3crosspolymer; PEG-8 dimethicone polysorbate-20 crosspolymer; PEG-10dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer; PEG-10 lauryl dimethiconecrosspolymer; PEG-15/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer; PEG-15laurylpolydimethylsiloxy ethyl crosspolymer; and mixtures thereof.

It should be recognized that silicone elastomers may be suppliedpre-swollen with a solvent. With a pre-swollen swollen elastomer, theweight percentages recited for emulsifier use (i.e., from about 0.05% toabout 20%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, orfrom about 1% to about 3% emulsifier) are of the elastomer alone (i.e.,excluding the weight of the solvent).

Structuring Agent

The personal care composition may comprise a structuring agent.Structuring agents may be used to increase viscosity, thicken, solidify,or provide solid or crystalline structure to the personal carecomposition. The structuring agent may be used to suspend or dispersethe abrasive particles. Structuring agents are typically grouped basedon solubility, dispersibility, or phase compatibility. Examples ofaqueous or water structuring agents include polymeric agents, natural orsynthetic gums, polysaccharides, and the like. In one embodiment, thecomposition may comprises from about 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%,0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5% to about 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%, 4%, or 2%, byweight of the composition, of one or more structuring agents.

Polysaccharides and gums may be used as aqueous phase thickening agents.Examples of such polysaccharides and gums include naturally derivedmaterials such as agar, agarose, alicaligenes polysaccharides, algin,alginic acid, acacia gum, amylopectin, chitin, dextran, cassia gum,cellulose gum, gelatin, gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyethylcellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, pectin, sclerotium gum,xanthan gum, pectin, trehelose, gelatin, ammonium alginate, calciumalginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, guar gum, guarhydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hyaluroinic acid, hydroxypropylchitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, nattogum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycolalginate, sodium carboyxmethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanthgum, and mixtures thereof. Suitable polysaccharides include alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers such as cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, whichis the ether of cetyl alcohol and hydroxyethylcellulose. This materialis sold under the tradename Natrosol® Plus CS from Ashland AqualonFunctional Ingredients. Other useful polysaccharides includescleroglucans comprising a linear chain of (1-3) linked glucose unitswith a (1-6) linked glucose every three units, a commercially availableexample of which is Clearogel™ CS11 from M.M.P., Inc.

Suitable classes of polymeric structuring agents include but are notlimited to carboxylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, sulfonatedpolymers, high molecular weight polyalkylglycols or polyglycerins,copolymers thereof, hydrophobically modified derivatives thereof, andmixtures thereof.

Carboxylic acid polymers include carbomers. These polymers arecrosslinked compounds containing one or more monomers derived fromacrylic acid, substituted acrylic acids, and salts and esters of theseacrylic acids and the substituted acrylic acids, wherein thecrosslinking agent contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds andis derived from a polyhydric alcohol. Suitable materials includesinclude the Carbopol® 900 series (e.g., Carbopol® 945, Carbopol® 940,Carbopol® 950, Carbopol® 954, Carbopol® 980, Carbopol® 951 and Carbopol®981 from Noveon, Inc) and the Carbopol® Ultrez series (e.g., Carbopol®Ultrez 10 polymer, Carbopol® Ultrez 20 polymer, and Carbopol® Ultrez 21polymer). Other suitable carboxylic acid polymeric agents includecopolymers of C₁₀₋₃₀ alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers ofacrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or one of their short chain (i.e., C₁₋₄alcohol) esters, wherein the crosslinking agent is an allyl ether ofsucrose or pentaerytritol. These copolymers are known asacrylates/C₁₀₋₃₀ alkyl acrylate crosspolymers and are commerciallyavailable as Carbopol® 1342, Carbopol® 1382, PEMULEN™ TR-1, and PEMULEN™TR-2, from Noveon, Inc.

Sulfonated polymers include polymers and copolymers containing2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (i.e., AMPS oracryloyldimethyl tauric acid) and salts thereof. Exemplary AMPSstructurants include sodium acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl tauratecopolymer available as SIMULGEL® EG and SIMULGEL® EPG or hydroxyethylacrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer available asSIMULGEL® NS, SIMULGEL® FL, and SIMULGEL® I-NS 100; which are availablefrom Seppic Corporation (Fairfield, N.J.). Another suitable sulfonatedpolymer is sodium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate available as Simulgel®800 from Seppic Corporation (Fairfield, N.J.). Other suitable sulfonatedpolymers include acrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate/acrylic acidcopolymer available as Acudyne™ SCP from Rohm and Haas Company, Inc.;acrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer available asSimulgel® 600 from Seppic; ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/beheneth-25methacrylate crosspolymer available as Aristoflex® BLV from ClariantInternational Ltd.; ammonium acryloyl dimethyltaurate/carboxyethylacrylate crosspolymer available as Aristoflex® TAC from ClariantInternational Ltd.; ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/vinylpyrrolidonecopolymer available as Aristoflex® AVC from Clariant International Ltd.;dimethylacrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate crosspolymer availableas SUpolymer G-1 from Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; sodiumacrylate/acryloyldimethyltaurate/dimethylacrylamide crosspolymeravailable as Sepinov™ P88 from Seppic; and sodiumacryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Crosspolymer available as Aristoflex® AVSfrom Clariant International, Ltd. Additional sulfonated structurants aredescribed in US Patent Application Publication Nos. 2007/0140993(identified as gelling agent in the form of a copolymer of acryloyldimethyl tauric acid or a salt thereof) and 2006/0147396 A1 (identifiedas “polymer containing at least one sulpho-functional monomer”).

Acrylamide polymers and copolymers include SEPIGEL® 305 from SeppicCorporation (Fairfield, N.J.), which is designated by the Personal CareProduct Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary andHandbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010, as “polyacrylamide and isoparaffinand laureth-7.” Other polyacrylamide polymers include multi-blockcopolymers of acrylamides and substituted acrylamides with acrylic acidsand substituted acrylic acids. Commercially available examples of thesemulti-block copolymers include HYPAN® SR150H, SS500V, SS500 W, SSSA100H,from Lipo Chemicals, Inc., (Patterson, N.J.).

High molecular weight polyalkylglycols or polyglycerins may be used asstructuring agents. Suitable materials include polyethylene glycols(PEG) derivatives and polypropylene glycols (PPG) derivatives with an ndegree of polymerization. n may be from 50 to 200,000. Other suitablematerials are polyglycerins having repeating glycerin moieties where thenumber of repeating moieties ranges from about 15 to about 200, or fromabout 20 to about 100. Examples of suitable polyglycerins include thosehaving the INCI names polyglycerin-20, polyglycerin-40, and the like.

Examples of oil structuring agents include silicone and organic basedmaterials. Suitable ranges of oil structuring agents are from about0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, or 10% to about 30%, 25%, 20%,15%, 10%, or 5%. Suitable oil phase structuring agents may be siliconebased, such as silicone elastomers, silicone gums, silicone waxes,linear silicones having a degree of polymerization allowing the siliconeto increase the viscosity of the oil phase. Examples of siliconestructuring agents include, but are not limited to, silicone elastomers,silicone gums, and silicone waxes,

Silicone elastomers suitable for use in the compositions of theinvention include those that are formed by addition reaction-curing, byreacting an SiH-containing diorganosiloxane and an organopolysiloxanehaving terminal olefinic unsaturation, or an alpha-omega dienehydrocarbon, in the presence of a platinum metal catalyst. Suchelastomers may also be formed by other reaction methods such ascondensation-curing organopolysiloxane compositions in the presence ofan organotin compound via a dehydrogenation reaction betweenhydroxyl-terminated diorganopolysiloxane and SiH-containingdiorganopolysiloxane or alpha omega diene; or by condensation-curingorganopolysiloxane compositions in the presence of an organotin compoundor a titanate ester using a condensation reaction between anhydroxyl-terminated diorganopolysiloxane and a hydrolysableorganosiloxane; peroxide-curing organopolysiloxane compositions whichthermally cure in the presence of an organoperoxide catalyst.Cross-linked organopolysiloxane elastomers useful in the presentinvention and processes for making them are further described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 4,970,252, 5,760,116, and 5,654,362, 6,524,598, and 6,696,049.It is particularly desirable to incorporate silicone elastomers into thecompositions of the invention because they provide excellent “feel” tothe composition, are very stable in cosmetic formulations, andrelatively inexpensive.

Suitable silicone elastomers may be in the powder form, or dispersed orsolubilized in solvents such as volatile or nonvolatile silicones, orsilicone compatible vehicles such as hydrocarbons or esters. Examples ofsilicone elastomer powders include vinyl dimethicone/methiconesilesquioxane crosspolymers like KSP-100, KSP-101, KSP-102, KSP-103,KSP-104, KSP-105, available from Shin-Etsu, hybrid silicone powders thatcontain a fluoroalkyl group like KSP-200, available from Shin-Etsu,which is a fluoro-silicone elastomer, and hybrid silicone powders thatcontain a phenyl group such as KSP-300, available from Shin-Etsu, whichis a phenyl substituted silicone elastomer; and DC 9506 available fromDow Corning.

Examples of silicone elastomer dispersed in a silicone compatiblevehicle include dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymers supplied bya variety of suppliers including Dow Corning Corporation under thetradenames DC9040 or DC9041, Momentive under the tradename SFE 839, orShin-Etsu Silicones under the tradenames KSG-15, 16, 18. KSG-15 has theINCI name cyclopentasiloxane (and) dimethicone/vinyl dimethiconecrosspolymer. KSG-18 has the INCI name diphenylsiloxy phenyltrimethicone (and) dimethicone/phenyl vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer.Silicone elastomers may also be purchased from Grant Industries underthe Gransil trademark. Other suitable silicone elastomers have longchain alkyl substitutions such as lauryl dimethicone/vinyl dimethiconecrosspolymers supplied by Shin Etsu under the tradenames KSG-31, KSG-32,KSG-41, KSG-42, KSG-43, and KSG-44.

Silicone gums are another oil phase structuring agent. The silicone gumtypically has a viscosity ranging from about 500,000 to 100 million cstat 25° C., from about 600,000 to 20 million, from about 600,000 to 12million cst. The silicone gums that are used in the compositionsinclude, but are not limited to, those of the general formula wherein:

R₁ to R₁₀ are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 30carbon atoms, aryl, or aralkyl; and X is H, OH, or a C1-30 alkyl orvinyl. x, y, or z may be zero with the proviso that (x+y+z)≧1.

Such silicone gums may be purchased in pure form from a variety ofsilicone manufacturers including Wacker-Chemie or Dow Corning, and thelike. Silicone gums include those sold by Wacker-Belsil under the tradenames CM3092, Wacker-Belsil 1000, or Wacker-Belsil DM 3096. A siliconegum where X is OH, also referred to as dimethiconol, is available fromDow Corning Corporation under the trade name 1-1254 Fluid, 2-9023 Fluid,and 2-9026 Fluid. The silicone gum may also be purchased in the form ofa solution or dispersion in a silicone compatible vehicle such asvolatile or nonvolatile silicone. An example of such a mixture may bepurchased from Barnet Silicones under the HL-88 tradename, having theINCI name dimethicone. Another example is a mixture of dimethiconol andvolatile or nonvolatile silicone available from the Dow CorningCorporation as tradename 1401 Fluid, 1403 Fluid, and 1501 Fluid.

Another type of oily phase structuring agent includes silicone waxes.Silicone waxes may be referred to as alkyl silicone waxes which and aresemi-solids or solids at room temperature. The term “alkyl silicone wax”means a polydimethylsiloxane having a substituted long chain alkyl (suchas C16 to 30) that confers a semi-solid or solid property to thesiloxane. Examples of such silicone waxes include stearyl dimethicone,which may be purchased from Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH under the tradenameAbil Wax 9800 or from Dow Corning under the tradename 2503. Anotherexample is bis-stearyl dimethicone (which may be purchased from GransilIndustries under the tradename Gransil A-18), behenyl dimethicone, orbehenoxy dimethicone.

Other suitable structuring agents include polyamides andpolysilicone-polyamide copolymers. Suitable polysilicone-polyamidecopolymers are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2004/0170586. A specific example of such copolymers is nylon611/dimethicone copolymers by Dow Corning under the tradename DowCorning 2-8178. Also suitable are polyamides such as those purchasedfrom Arizona Chemical under the Uniclear™ and Sylvaclear® includingSylvaclear® A200V or A2614V (INCI name: ethylenediamine/hydrogenateddimer dilinoleate copolymer/bis-di-C14-18 alkyl amide); Sylvaclear®AF1900V and Sylvaclear® PA1200V (INCI name: Poly amide-3); Sylvaclear®C75V (INCI name: bis-stearyl ethylenediamine/neopentyl glycol/stearylhydrogenated dimer dilinoleate copolymer); Sylvaclear® PE400V (INCIname: Polyamide-6); Sylvaclear® WF 1500V (INCI name: Polyamide-4); orUniclear™ 100 VG (INCI name: ethylenediamine/stearyl dimer dilinoleatecopolymer; or ethylenediamine/stearyl dimer ditallate copolymer).

Other oil phase structuring agents may includr one or more natural orsynthetic waxes such as animal, vegetable, or mineral waxes. Generallysuch waxes have a melting point ranging from about 25° C. to 125° C.,and alternatively from about 30° C. to about 100° C. Non-limitingexamples of suitable waxes include silicone waxes, fatty esters, forexample cetyl and/or stearyl esters, acacia, beeswax, ceresin, flowerwax, citrus wax, carnauba wax, jojoba wax, japan wax, polyethylene,microcrystalline, rice bran, lanolin wax, mink, montan, bayberry,ouricury, ozokerite, palm kernel wax, paraffin, avocado wax, apple wax,shellac wax, clary wax, spent grain wax, candelilla, grape wax,polyalkylene glycol derivatives thereof (for example PEG6-20 beeswax, orPEG-12 carnauba wax) and mixtures of any of the aforementioned waxes. Inone embodiment, the wax is a polyethylene wax, and alternatively is apolyethylene wax having a melting point of less than 120° C.,alternatively less than 95 C, and alternatively less than 85° C.

Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone waxes are disclosed in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,413,781 and 5,725,845, and further include alkylmethylpolysiloxanes, C10-C60 alkyl dimethicones, and mixtures thereof.Alternatively, the silicone wax may be a C16-C28 alkyl dimethicone wax.Other suitable silicone waxes include, but are not limited tostearoxydimethicone, behenoxy dimethicone, stearyl dimethicone, cetearyldimethicone, cetyl dimethicone, and mixtures thereof.

Other structuring agents are natural or synthetic montmorilloniteminerals such as hectorite, bentonite, and quaternized derivativesthereof, which are obtained by reacting the minerals with a quaternaryammonium compound (e.g., stearalkonium bentonite and stearalkoniumhectorite).

Other structuring agents are silicas, silicates, silica silylate, andalkali metal or alkaline earth metal derivatives thereof. These silicasand silicates are generally found in the particulate form and includesilica, silica silylate, magnesium aluminum silicate, and the like.

Optional Personal Care Ingredients

The personal care compositions may comprise one or more optionalcomponents to provide an efficacious and/or consumer desirable product.For example, the composition can include other actives or agents. Forinstance, suitable optional actives and agents may include an active oragent selected from a group consisting of sugar amines, vitamins, oilcontrol agents, photosterols, hexamidine compounds, tightening agents,anti-wrinkle actives, anti-atrophy actives, flavonoids, N-acyl aminoacid compounds, retinoids, peptides, particulate materials, UV actives,photostabilizers, anti-cellulite agents, desquamation actives, anti-acneactives, anti-oxidants, radical scavengers, conditioning agents,anti-inflammatory agents, tanning actives, skin lightening agents,botanical extracts, antimicrobial actives, antifungal actives,antibacterial actives, antiperspirant actives, sensates, preservatives,anti-dandruff actives, substantivity polymers, detersive surfactants,and combinations thereof. Suitable optional components are discussed inmore detail below.

1. Sugar Amines

The compositions of the present invention can comprise a sugar amine,which is also known as amino sugar. Sugar amine compounds useful in thepresent invention can include those described in PCT Publication WO02/076423 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,485. In one embodiment, thecomposition may comprise from about 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or1% to about 10%, 7, 5%, or 2% by weight of the composition, of one ormore sugar amine.

Sugar amines can be synthetic or natural in origin and can be used aspure compounds or mixtures of compounds (e.g., extracts from naturalsources or mixtures of synthetic materials). For example, glucosamine isgenerally found in many shellfish and can also be derived from fungalsources. As used herein, “sugar amine” includes isomers and tautomers ofsuch and its salts (e.g., HCl salt) and is commercially available fromSigma Chemical Co.

Examples of sugar amines that are useful herein include glucosamine,N-acetyl glucosamine, mannosamine, N-acetyl mannosamine, galactosamine,N-acetyl galactosamine, their isomers (e.g., stereoisomers), and theirsalts (e.g., HCl salt). Preferred for use herein are glucosamine,particularly D-glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine, particularlyN-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

2. Vitamins

In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.001%,0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 10%, 7, 5%, or 2%, by weight ofthe composition, of one or more vitamins. “Vitamins” means vitamins,pro-vitamins, and their salts, isomers and derivatives. Non-limitingexamples of suitable vitamins include: vitamin B compounds (including B1compounds, B2 compounds, B3 compound, B5 compounds, such as panthenol or“pro-B5”, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl; B6 compounds, such aspyroxidine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine; carnitine, thiamine, riboflavin);vitamin A compounds, and all natural and/or synthetic analogs of VitaminA, including retinoids, retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate,retinoic acid, retinaldehyde, retinyl propionate, carotenoids(pro-vitamin A), and other compounds which possess the biologicalactivity of Vitamin A; vitamin D compounds; vitamin K compounds; vitaminE compounds, or tocopherol, including tocopherol sorbate, tocopherolacetate, other esters of tocopherol and tocopheryl compounds; vitamin Ccompounds, including ascorbate, ascorbyl esters of fatty acids, andascorbic acid derivatives, for example, ascorbyl phosphates such asmagnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbylglucoside, and ascorbyl sorbate; and vitamin F compounds, such assaturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids.

In certain embodiments, the personal care compositions comprise avitamin B3 compound. Vitamin B3 compounds are particularly useful forregulating skin conditions, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,082. Inone embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.001%, 0.01%,0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 50%, 20%, 10%, 7%, or 5%, by weight ofthe composition, of the vitamin B3 compound.

As used herein, “vitamin B3 compound” means a compound having theformula:

wherein R is —CONH₂ (i.e., niacinamide), —COOH (i.e., nicotinic acid) or—CH2OH (i.e., nicotinyl alcohol); derivatives thereof; and salts of anyof the foregoing.

Exemplary derivatives of the foregoing vitamin B3 compounds includenicotinic acid esters, including non-vasodilating esters of nicotinicacid (e.g., tocopherol nicotinate, myristyl nicotinate), nicotinyl aminoacids, nicotinyl alcohol esters of carboxylic acids, nicotinic acidN-oxide and niacinamide N-oxide.

3. Oil Control Agents

The personal care compositions may comprise one or more oil controlagents for regulating the production of skin oil, sebum, or forimproving the appearance of oily skin. Examples of suitable oil controlagents include salicylic acid, dehydroacetic acid, benzoyl peroxide,vitamin B3 compounds, their isomers, esters, salts and derivatives, andmixtures thereof. Dehydroacetic acid includes materials having theformula:

or dermatologically acceptable salts, derivatives or tautomers thereof.The technical name for dehydroacetic acid is3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione and can be commerciallypurchased from Lonza.

Dermatologically acceptable salts include alkali metal salts, such assodium and potassium; alkaline earth metal salts, such as calcium andmagnesium; non-toxic heavy metal salts; ammonium salts; andtrialkylammonium salts, such astrimethylammonium and triethylammonium.In particular embodiments, sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts ofdehydroacetic acid may be used. Sodium dehydroacetate is available fromTri-K Industries, Inc., as Tristat SDHA. Derivatives of dehydroaceticacid include, but are not limited to, any compounds wherein the CH₃groups are individually or in combination replaced by amides, esters,amino groups, alkyls, and alcohol esters. Tautomers of dehydroaceticacid are the isomers of dehydroacetic acid which can change into oneanother with great ease so that they ordinarily exist in equilibrium.Thus, tautomers of dehydroacetic acid can be described as having thechemical formula C₈H₈O₄ and generally having the formula above.

Other oil control agents include materials capable of absorbing oils andsebum. Suitable oil absorbing materials include starch, calciumsilicate, polyethylene, nylon, boran nitride, mica, clays such asbentonite, montmarrillonite and kaolin, zeolite, cyclodextrins, fumedsilica, synthetic clays such as polymer powders including natural,synthetic, and semisynthetic cellulose, fluorocarbon resins,polypropylene, modified starches of cellulose acetate, particulatecross-linked hydrophobic acrylate or methacrylate copolymers andmixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the personal care composition may comprise from about0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%,or 3% by weight of the composition, of one or more oil control agents.

4. Phytosterols

The personal care compositions may comprise a phytosterol. For example,one or more phytosterols can be selected from the group consisting ofβ-sitosterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, Δ5-avennasterol, lupenol,α-spinasterol, stigmasterol, their derivatives, analogs, andcombinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the phytosterol isselected from the group consisting of β-sitosterol, campesterol,brassicasterol, stigmasterol, their derivatives, and combinationsthereof. In a select embodiment, the phytosterol is stigmasterol.

Phytosterols can be synthetic or natural in origin and can be used asessentially pure compounds or mixtures of compounds (e.g., extracts fromnatural sources). Phytosterols are generally found in the unsaponifiableportion of vegetable oils and fats and are available as free sterols,acetylated derivatives, sterol esters, ethoxylated or glycosidicderivatives. More preferably, the phytosterols are free sterols. As usedherein, “phytosterol” includes isomers and tautomers of such and iscommercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company, Sigma ChemicalCompany, and Cognis.

In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%,or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more phytosterol.

5. Hexamidine Compounds

The personal care compositions may include hexamidine compounds, itssalts, and derivatives. As used herein, “hexamidine compound” means acompound having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R² are optional or are organic acids (e.g., sulfonicacids, etc.).

In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%,or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more hexamine compounds.

As used herein, hexamidine derivatives include any isomers and tautomersof hexamidine compounds including but not limited to organic acids andmineral acids, for example sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, etc. In aselect embodiment, the hexamidine compounds include hexamidinediisethionate, commercially available as Eleastab® HP100 fromLaboratoires Serobiologiques.

6. Tightening Agents

The personal care composition may comprise a tightening agent. Atightening agent is a compound capable of having a tightening effect onkeratinous tissues and, typically, on skin Suitable tightening agentsmay be chosen from plant or animal proteins and their hydrolysates suchas maize, rye, wheat, buckwheat, sesame, spelt, pea, bean, lentil,soybean and lupin; polysaccharides of natural origin including (i)polyholosides, for example, in the form of starch derived especiallyfrom rice, maize, potato, cassaya, peas, wheat, oats, etc. or in theform of carrageenans, alginates, agars, gellans, cellulose polymers andpectins, advantageously as an aqueous dispersion of gel microparticles,and (ii) latices composed of shellac resin, gum sandarac, dammars,elemis, copals, cellulose compounds, and mixtures thereof; mixedsilicates including phyllosilicates and in particular laponites;colloidal particles of inorganic fillers such as silica/aluminacolloidal particles such as those sold under then tradename LUDOX® byW.R. Grace & Co.; synthetic polymers such as polyurethane latices oracrylic/silicone latices, in particular those described in US PatentApplication Publication No. 2002/0131948, includingpropylthio(polymethyl acrylate), propylthio(polymethyl methacrylate) andpropylthio(polymethacrylic acid) grafted polydimethylsiloxane,propyl-thio(polyisobutyl methacrylate) and propylthio(poly-methacrylicacid) grafted polydimethylsiloxane (available under the tradenames VS80, VS 70 and L021 from 3M); and mixtures thereof.

The personal care composition may comprise from about 0.0001%, 0.001%,0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%, or3% by weight of the composition, of one or more tightening agent.

7. Anti-Wrinkle Actives/Anti-Atrophy Actives

The compositions of the present invention can comprise a one or moreanti-wrinkle actives or anti-atrophy actives. Exemplaryanti-wrinkle/anti-atrophy actives suitable for use in the compositionsof the present invention include dialkanoyl hydroxyproline compounds,hydroxy acids (e.g., glycolic acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid), ketoacids (e.g., pyruvic acid), phytic acid, lysophosphatidic acid,stilbenes, cinnamates, resveratrol, kinetin, zeatin,dimethylaminoethanol, peptides from natural sources (e.g., soypeptides), and salts of sugar acids (e.g., Mn gluconate, Zn gluconate).In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,5%, or 3% by weight of the composition, of one or moreanti-wrinkle/anti-atrophy compounds.

Suitable dialkanoyl hydroxyproline compounds of the present inventioncan include those corresponding to the following chemical formula:

wherein R¹ is H, X, C₁-C₂₀ straight or branched alkyl,

X is metals (Na, K, Li, Mg, Ca) or amines (DEA, TEA);

R² is C₁-C₂₀ straight or branched alkyl;

R³ is C₁-C₂₀ straight or branched alkyl.

Suitable derivatives include but are not limited to esters, for examplefatty esters, including, but not limited to tripalmitoyl hydroxyprolineand dipalmityl acetyl hydroxyproline. A particularly useful compound isdipalmitoyl hydroxyproline. As used herein, dipalmitoyl hydroxyprolineincludes any isomers and tautomers of such and is commercially availableunder the tradename Sepilift DPHP® from Seppic, Inc. Further discussionof dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline appears in PCT Publication WO 93/23028.Preferably, the dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline is the triethanolamine saltof dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,285,570.

8. Flavonoids

The compositions of the present invention can comprise a flavonoidcompound. Flavonoids are broadly disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,686,082and 5,686,367. Examples of flavonoids particularly suitable for use inthe present invention are one or more flavones, one or more isoflavones,one or more coumarins, one or more chromones, one or more dicoumarols,one or more chromanones, one or more chromanols, isomers (e.g.,cis/trans isomers) thereof, and mixtures thereof.

Exemplary flavonoids include flavones and isoflavones, in particulardaidzein (7,4′-dihydroxy isoflavone), genistein (5,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone), equol (7,4′-dihydroxy isoflavan), 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone, soy isoflavones (a mixture extracted from soy) and otherplant sources of such mixtures (e.g., red clover), and mixtures thereof.Other exemplary materials include flavanones such as hesperitin,hesperidin, and mixtures thereof. Flavonoid compounds useful herein arecommercially available from a number of sources, e.g., Indofine ChemicalCompany, Inc., Steraloids, Inc., and Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.

In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,5%, or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more flavonoidcompounds.

9. N-Acyl Amino Acid Compounds

The topical compositions of the present invention can comprise one ormore N-acyl amino acid compounds. The amino acid can be one of any ofthe amino acids known in the art. The N-acyl amino acid compounds of thepresent invention can correspond to the formula:

wherein R can be a hydrogen, alkyl (substituted or unsubstituted,branched or straight chain), or a combination of alkyl and aromaticgroups. A list of possible side chains of amino acids known in the artare described in Stryer, Biochemistry, 1981, published by W.H. Freemanand Company. R¹ can be C₁ to C₃₀, saturated or unsaturated, straight orbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyls; substituted orunsubstituted aromatic groups; or mixtures thereof.

The N-acyl amino acid compound may be selected from the group consistingof N-acyl Phenylalanine, N-acyl Tyrosine, their isomers, their salts,and derivatives thereof. The amino acid can be the D or L isomer or amixture thereof. N-acyl Phenylalanine corresponds to the followingformula:

wherein R¹ can be C₁ to C₃₀, saturated or unsaturated, straight orbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyls; substituted orunsubstituted aromatic groups; or mixtures thereof.

N-acyl Tyrosine corresponds to the following formula:

wherein R¹ can be C₁ to C₃₀, saturated or unsaturated, straight orbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyls; substituted orunsubstituted aromatic groups; or mixtures thereof.

Particularly useful as a topical skin tone evening cosmetic agent isN-undecylenoyl-L-phenylalanine. This agent belongs to the broad class ofN-acyl Phenylalanine derivatives, with its acyl group being a C11mono-unsaturated fatty acid moiety and the amino acid being the L-isomerof phenylalanine. N-undecylenoyl-L-phenylalanine corresponds to thefollowing formula:

As used herein, N-undecylenoyl-L-phenylalanine is commercially availableunder the tradename Sepiwhite® from SEPPIC.

In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,5%, or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more N-acyl aminoacids.

10. Retinoids

The personal care compositions may comprise one or more retinoid. In oneembodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%, 0.001%,0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%, or3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more retinoids. The optimumconcentration used in a composition will depend on the specific retinoidselected since their potency can vary considerably.

As used herein, “retinoid” includes all natural and/or synthetic analogsof Vitamin A or retinol-like compounds which possess the biologicalactivity of Vitamin A in the skin as well as the geometric isomers andstereoisomers of these compounds. The retinoid may be selected fromretinol, retinol esters (e.g., C2-C22 alkyl esters of retinol, includingretinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate, retinyl propionate), retinal, and/orretinoic acid (including all-trans retinoic acid and/or 13-cis-retinoicacid), or mixtures thereof. Suitable retinoids which are described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 4,677,120; 4,885,311; 5,049,584; 5,124,356; and Reissue34,075. Other suitable retinoids may include tocopheryl-retinoate[tocopherol ester of retinoic acid (trans- or cis-), adapalene(6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]-2-naphthoic acid}, and tazarotene(ethyl 6-[2-(4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]nicotinate). Suitableretinoids include retinol, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate, retinylpropionate, retinal and combinations thereof. In selected embodiment,retinyl propionate may be used in amounts from about 0.1% to about 0.3%.

11. Peptides

The personal care composition may comprise a peptide. Suitable peptidescan include, but are not limited to, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, andhexa-peptides and derivatives thereof. In one embodiment, thecompositions comprise from about 1×10⁻⁷% to about 20%, from about1×10⁻⁶% to about 10%, or from about 1×10⁻⁵% to about 5%, by weight of apeptide. In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 25%, 20%, 10%,7%, 5%, 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more peptides.

As used herein, “peptide” refers to peptides containing ten or feweramino acids and their derivatives, isomers, and complexes with otherspecies such as metal ions (e.g., copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium,and the like). Peptide refers to both naturally occurring andsynthesized peptides. Also useful herein are naturally occurring andcommercially available compositions that contain peptides. The peptidesmay contain at least one basic amino acid (e.g., histidine, lysine,arginine). For example, suitable peptides are the dipeptide carnosine(beta-ala-his), the tripeptide gly-his-lys, the tripeptide his-gly-gly,the tripeptide gly-gly-his, the tripeptide gly-his-gly, the tetrapeptidegly-gln-pro-arg, the pentapeptide lys-thr-thr-lys-ser, lipophilicderivatives of peptides, and metal complexes of the aforementioned(e.g., copper complex of the tripeptide his-gly-gly (also known asIamin)). Other suitable peptides include Peptide CK (arg-lys-arg);Peptide CK+ (ac-arg-lys-arg-NH2); and Peptide E, arg-ser-arg-lys. Acommercially available tripeptide derivative-containing composition isBiopeptide CL® (from Sederma, France), which contains 100 ppm ofpalmitoyl-gly-his-lys and is commercially available. A commerciallyavailable pentapeptide derivative-containing composition is Matrixyl®(from Sederma, France), which contains 100 ppm ofpalmitoyl-lys-thr-thr-lys-ser. A suitable peptide is a dipeptide basedmolecule having a C terminal amino acid of threonine, such asplamitoyl-lys-thr, as described in US Patent Application Publication2007/0020220 A1.

Peptide derivatives useful herein include lipophilic derivatives such aspalmitoyl derivatives. In one embodiment, the peptide is selected frompalmitoyl-lys-thr-thr-lys-ser, palmitoyl-gly-his-lys, their derivatives,and combinations thereof.

12. Particulate Materials

The compositions of the present invention can comprise one or moreadditional particulate materials that are not abrasive particles asdisclosed herein. Nonlimiting examples of particulate materials usefulin the present invention include colored and uncolored pigments,interference pigments, inorganic powders, organic powders, compositepowders, optical brightener particles, and combinations thereof. In oneembodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%, 0.001%,0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, or 2% to about 50%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%,or 3% by weight of the composition, of particulate(s). There are nospecific limitations as to the pigment, colorant or filler powders usedin the composition.

Particulate materials useful herein can include, but are not limited to,bismuth oxychloride, sericite, mica, mica treated with barium sulfate orother materials, zeolite, kaolin, silica, boron nitride, lauroyl lysine,nylon, polyethylene, talc, styrene, polypropylene, polystyrene,ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, polyurethane, aluminum oxide, siliconeresin, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cellulose acetate, PTFE,polymethyl methacrylate, starch, modified starches such as aluminumstarch octenyl succinate, silk, glass, and mixtures thereof. Suitablecommercial examples of particulates include, but are not limited, topolymeric particles chosen from the polymethylsilsesquioxane resinmicrospheres such as including materials sold under the tradenameTospearl® by Momentive Performance Materials Inc., microspheres ofpolymethylmethacrylates such Micropearl M305 by SEPPIC, sphericalparticles of crosslinked polydimethylsiloxanes, especially such as thosesold by Dow Corning 9506 Cosmetic Power by Dow Corning, sphericalparticles of polyamide and more specifically Nylon 12 such as Orgasol®2002 line by Atochem, polystyrene microspheres such as for example thosesold under the name Dynospheres® by Dyno Particles, ethylene acrylatecopolymer sold under the name EA209 by Kobo, PTFE, polypropylene,aluminum starch ocetenylsuccinate such as those sold under the nameDry-Flo® by AkzoNobel, microspheres of polyethylene such as those soldunder the name of Microthene® FN510-00 by Equistar and under then nameMicropoly by Presperse, Inc., silicone resin, polymethylsilsesquioxanesilicone polymer, and mixtures thereof. Suitable particulate materialsinclude spherical powders with an average primary particle size of fromabout 0.1 to about 75 microns or from about 0.2 to about 30 microns.

Other suitable particulate materials include interference pigments.Interference pigments, for purposes of the present specification, aredefined as thin platelike layered particles having two or more layers ofcontrolled thickness with different refractive indices that yield acharacteristic reflected color from the interference of typically two,but occasionally more, light reflections, from different layers of theplatelike particle. The most common examples of interference pigmentsare micas layered with about 50-300 nm films of TiO2, Fe2O3, silica, tinoxide, and/or Cr2O3. Such pigments are often pearlescent. Pearl pigmentsreflect, refract and transmit light because of the transparency ofpigment particles and the large difference in the refractive index ofmica platelets and, for example, the titanium dioxide coating. Usefulinterference pigments are available commercially from a wide variety ofsuppliers, for example, Rona (Timiron™ and Dichrona™), Presperse(Flonac™), Englehard (Duochrome™), Kobo (KTZ Interfine and KTZInterval), BASF (Reflecks™) and Eckart (Prestige series). Suitableinterference pigments may have a small particle sizes, with an averagediameter of individual particles less than about 75 microns in thelongest direction, or less than about 50 microns.

Other particulate materials include pigments which can provide color tothe personal care composition. Suitable pigments include inorganicpigments, organic pigments and combinations thereof. Examples of suchuseful inorganic pigments include iron oxides, ferric ammoniumferrocyanide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, and Chrome oxide.Organic pigments can include natural colorants and synthetic monomericand polymeric colorants. An example is phthalocyanine blue and greenpigment. Also useful are lakes, primary FD&C or D&C lakes and blendsthereof. Also useful are encapsulated soluble or insoluble dyes andother colorants. Inorganic white or uncolored pigments useful in thepresent invention, for example TiO2, ZnO, or ZrO2, are commerciallyavailable from a number of sources. One example of a suitableparticulate material contains the material available from U.S. Cosmetics(TRONOX TiO2 series, SAT-T CR837, a rutile TiO2). Suitable pigmentsinclude charged dispersions of titanium dioxide, as are disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 5,997,887.

Colored or uncolored pigments may have a primary average particle sizeof from about 10 nm, 15 nm, or 20 nm to about 100,000 nm, 5,000 nm, or1000 nm. Mixtures of the same or different pigments having differentparticle sizes are also useful herein (e.g., incorporating a TiO₂ havinga primary particle size of from about 100 nm to about 400 nm with a TiO₂having a primary particle size of from about 10 nm to about 50 nm).

The particulate materials can be surface treated to provide addedstability and/or for ease of formulation. Non-limiting examples ofsuitable coating materials include silicones, lecithin, amino acids,metal soaps, polyethylene and collagen. These surface treatments may behydrophobic or hydrophilic. Particularly useful hydrophobic pigmenttreatments include polysiloxane treatments such as those disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 5,143,722.

13. UV Actives

The compositions of the subject invention may optionally contain a UVactive. As used herein, “UV active” includes both sunscreen agents andphysical sunblocks. Suitable UV actives may be organic or inorganic.Suitable UV actives are listed in the functional category of “SunscreenAgents” in the Personal Care Product Council's International CosmeticIngredient Dictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010.

Suitable UV actives include dibenzoylmethane derivatives including2-methyldibenzoylmethane, 4-methyldibenzoylmethane,4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane, 4-tert-butyldibenzoylmethane,2,4-dimethyldibenzoylmethane, 2,5-dimethyldibenzoylmethane,4,4′-diisopropyldibenzoylmethane, 4,4′-dimethoxy dibenzoylmethane,4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane (i.e., butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane or avobenzone)(commercially available as PARSOL®1789 from DSM), 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane,2-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane,2,4-dimethyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane, and2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane. Other suitable UVactives include 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate (commercially availableas PARSOL® MCX from DSM), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,benzonphenone-3 (i.e. oxybeznone), octyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid,digalloyltrioleate, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,ethyl-4-(bis(hydroxy-propyl))aminobenzoate,2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl-salicylate,glyceryl-p-aminobenzoate, 3,3,5-tri-methylcyclohexylsalicylate,methylanthranilate, p-dimethyl-aminobenzoic acid or aminobenzoate,2-ethylhexyl-p-dimethyl-amino-benzoate, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonicacid, 2-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-5-sulfonicbenzoxazoic acid, octocrylene,zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and mixtures of these compounds.

Particularly suitable UV actives useful in the compositions of thepresent invention are 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate,4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane,2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzo-phenone, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid,octocrylene, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and mixtures thereof.

Other suitable UV actives include 4-methylbenzylidene camphor(commercially available as PARSOL® 5000 from DSM or Eusolex 6300 fromMerck), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (i.e.,bisoctrizole, commercially available as Tinosorb® M from BASF),bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenol triazine (i.e., bemotrizinol,commercially available as Tinosorb® S from BASF), disodium phenyldibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate (i.e., Bisdisulizole disodium,commercially available as Neo Heliopan® AP from Symrise), Ethylhexyltriazone (commercially available as Uvinul® T 150 from BASF),Drometrizole trisiloxane (marketed as Mexoryl XL by L'Oreal), SodiumDihydroxy Dimethoxy Disulfobenzophenone (i.e., benzophenone-9,commercially available as Uvinul® DS 49 from BASF), DiethylaminoHydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate (commercially available as Uvinul® A Plusfrom BASF), diethylhexyl butamido triazone (i.e., Iscotrizinol,commercially available as Uvasorb® HEB by 3V Sigma), Polysilicone-15(i.e., commercially available as PARSOL® SLX from DSM), and Isoamylp-Methoxycinnamate (i.e., amiloxate, commercially available as NeoHeliopan® E 1000 from Symrise).

14. Photostabilizers

A suitable photostabilizer is alpha-cyanodiphenylacrylate is asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,713,519. The alpha-cyanodiphenylacrylatemay have the general formula:

wherein one or both of R1 and R2 is independently a straight or branchedchain C1-30 alkoxy radical and any non-alkoxy R1 or R2 radical ishydrogen; and R3 is a straight or branched chain C1-30 alkyl.Alternately, one or both of R1 and R2 is independently a C1-8 alkoxyradical and any non-alkoxy R1 or R2 radical is hydrogen; and R3 is astraight of branched chain C2-20 alkyl. Alternately, one or both of R1and R2 is independently methoxy, and any non-methoxy R1 or R2 ishydrogen; and R3 is a straight or branched chain C2-20 alkyl.

A suitable alpha-cyanodiphenylacrylate is ethylhexyl methoxycrylene, or2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropenoate, wherein R1is methoxy, R2 is hydrogen, and R3 is 2-ethylhexyl. This material isavailable from Hallstar Company under trade name Solastay® S1.

Another suitable photostabilizer includes diesters or polyesters ofnaphthalene dicarboxylic acid as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,993,789,6,113,931, 6,126,925 and 6,284,916. Suitable diesters or polyesters ofnaphthalene dicarboxylic acid may have the following formula:

wherein each R¹ independently is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbonatoms, or a diol having the formula HO—R²—OH, or a polyglycol having theformula HO—R³—(—O—R²—)_(m)—OH, and, wherein R² and R³, same ordifferent, are each an alkylene group, straight chain or branched,having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein m and n are each 1 to about 100, 1to about 10, or 2 to about 7. A suitable diesters of naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate available as Corapan®TQ from Symrise.

Another suitable photostabilizer is 4-hydroxybenzylidenemalonatederivatives or 4-hydroxycinnamate derivatives. Suitable materials mayhave the following formula:

wherein A is a chromophoric group that absorbs UV-radiation, comprisesone divalent group or two monovalent groups with at least one grouphaving carbonyl (C═O) functionality; R′ is hydrogen, a linear orbranched C₁-C₈ alkyl radical or a linear or branched C₁-C₈ alkoxyradical; and R″ is a linear or branched C₁-C₈ alkyl radical. Exemplarycompounds include ethyl-alpha-cyano-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,ethyl-alpha-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,iso-propyl-alpha-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,iso-amyl-alpha-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,2-ethylhexyl-alpha-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,diethyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate,di-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate,diisoamyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate,didodecyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate,dipalmitoyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate, anddi-isopropyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate. Aparticularly suitable compound is diethylhexyl syringylidenemalonate(INCI name) available under the tradename Oxynex® ST from EMD Chemicals,Inc., having the formula:

Additional suitable 4-hydroxybenzylidenemalonate derivatives or4-hydroxycinnamate derivatives are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,357,919and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0108492A1 andUS2003/0157035A.

Another suitable photostabilizer is a 2-pyrrolidinone-4-carboxy estercompounds. Suitable 2-pyrrolidinone-4-carboxy ester compounds may havethe following formula:

wherein R¹ is a linear or branched C₁-C₂₀ alkyl radical, and R² is alinear or branched C₁-C₂₀ alkyl radical which can contain a C₅-C₆ ring,the phenyl radical, the benzyl radical or the phenethyl radical.Exemplary radicals for R¹ and R² include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl,dodecyl, hexadecyl, cyclohexyl and methylcyclohexyl radicals. Particularexamples of 2-pyrrolidinone-4-carboxy ester compounds are provided inU.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0183529.

Other suitable photostabilizers include:

-   -   silicon-containing s-triazines substituted with two        aminobenzoate or aminobenzamide groups as described in U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0145324;    -   fluorene derivatives as described in U.S. Patent Application        Publications Nos. 2004/00579912, 2004/00579914, 200/00579916,        and 2004/062726;    -   piperidinol salts as described in U.S. Patent Application        Publications No. 2005/0220727 including        tris(tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol) citrate sold under the        tradename Tinogard® Q by Ciba; and    -   arylalkyl amides and esters as described in U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2008/0019930.

Other suitable photostabilizers are listed in the functional category of“Light Stabilizers” in the Personal Care Product Council's InternationalCosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010.

In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,or 5%, by weight of the composition, of one or more suitablephotostabilizer. In certain embodiments, the personal care compositionmay comprise at least one photostabilizer and at least one UV active. Inparticular embodiments, the UV active is a dibenzoylmethane derivative.In a particular embodiment, the UV active is 4,4′-t-butylmethoxydibenzoyl-methane (i.e., avobenzone).

15. Anti-Cellulite Agents

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise ananti-cellulite agent. Suitable agents may include, but are not limitedto, xanthine compounds (e.g., caffeine, theophylline, theobromine,aminophylline, chloroethyltheophylline, dyphylline, etamiphylline,proxyphylline, and the like); extracts of tea, coffee, guarana, mate,cola (Cola nitida); extracts of climbing ivy (Hedera helix), arnica(Arnica montana L), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis N), of marigold(Calendula officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis L), ginseng (Panaxginseng), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), of butcher's broom(Ruscus aculeatus L), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria L), orthosiphon(Orthosiphon stamincus benth), birch (Betula alba), cecropia and argantree; Ginkgo biloba, horsetail, escin, cangzhu, Chrysanthellum indicum,Dioscorea plants rich in diosgenin or pure diosgenin or hecogenin andcompounds thereof, Ballota, Guioa, Davallia, Terminalia, Barringtonia,Trema, Antirobia, bitter orange (Citrus aurantium); and an extract ofcocoa bean shells (Theobroma cacao) such as sold under the nameCaobromine® by Solabia.

In one embodiment, the personal care composition may comprise from about0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%,10%, 7%, 5%, or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or moreanti-cellulite agents.

16. Desquamation Actives

A desquamation active may be added to the compositions of the presentinvention. In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%,10%, 7%, 5%, or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or moredesquamation actives.

Suitable desquamation actives include beta-hydroxy acids such assalicylic acid and its derivatives (including 5-(noctanoyl)salicylicacid also known as capryloyl salicylic acid) and alpha-hydroxy acidssuch as glycolic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malicacid or mandelic acid; 8-hexadecene-1,16-dicarboxylic acid or9-octadecenedioic acid; urea; gentisic acid; oligofucoses; cinnamicacid; Saphora Japonica extract; and resveratrol.

Other suitable desquamation actives include compounds acting on theenzymes involved in desquamating or degrading the corneodesmosomes,glycosidases, stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE) or otherproteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin-like). Suitable materials includeaminosulphonic compounds such as4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-propanesulphonic acid (HEPES);2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) and its compounds;compounds of glycine-type alpha-amino acids (as described in U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2002/0041889, and also sodiummethylglycinediacetate sold under the trade name TRILON® M by BASF);honey; and sugar compounds such as O-octanoyl-6-D-maltose andN-acetylglucosamine.

One desquamation system comprises salicylic acid and zwitterionicsurfactants as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,652,228. Anotherdesquamation system contains sulfhydryl compounds and zwitterionicsurfactants as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,681,852

17. Anti-Acne Actives

The compositions of the present invention can comprise one or moreanti-acne actives. Suitable anti-acne actives include, but are notlimited to, resorcinol, sulfur, salicylic acid, retinoids such asretinoic acid and its derivatives, sulfur-containing amino acids andtheir derivatives and salts (e.g., N-acetyl derivatives such asN-acetyl-L-cysteine), and lipoic acid. Other suitable anti-acne activesmay be chosen from (i) antibiotics and antimicrobials such as benzoylperoxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4′ trichloro-2′-hydroxy diphenylether, 3,4,4′-trichlorobanilide, azelaic acid and its derivatives,phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, ethyl acetate,clindamycin and meclocycline; (ii) sebostats such as flavonoids; and(iii) bile salts such as scymnol sulfate and its derivatives,deoxycholate, and cholate. Further examples of suitable anti-acneactives are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,980.

In one embodiment, the composition may comprise from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,5%, or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more anti-acnecompounds.

18. Anti-Oxidants/Racial Scavengers

The compositions of the present invention can include ananti-oxidant/radical scavenger. In one embodiment, the composition maycomprise from about 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% toabout 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%, or 3%, by weight of the composition,of one or more anti-oxidant/radical scavengers.

Suitable anti-oxidants are listed in the functional category of“Antioxidants” in the Personal Care Product Council's InternationalCosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010.

Suitable anti-oxidants include butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) andbutylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). BHT can be described by the generalformula:

wherein X is OH or SH;Y is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, OR₅, COOR₅, alkyl,cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic,carboxamido, sulfonamido, carbamate, urea, and trialkylsilyl;R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ are selected from the group consisting of alkyl,cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic,OR₅, carboxamido, sulfonamido, formyl, acyl, carboxyl, carboxylate,carbamate, urea, trialkylsilyl, hydroxyl, and hydrogen;R₅ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl,heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, trialkylsilyl,acyl, and hydrogen.

Other anti-oxidants/radical scavengers such as ascorbic acid (vitaminC), tocopherol (vitamin E), tocopherol sorbate, tocopherol acetate,other esters of tocopherol,6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (commerciallyavailable under the tradename Trolox®), amines (e.g.,N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, amino-guanidine), nordihydroguaiaretic acid,bioflavonoids, amino acids, silymarin, sorbic acids and its salts,lipoic acid, olive extracts, green tea extracts, white tea extracts,black tea extracts, polyphenols such as proanthocyanidine from pinebark, carotenoids, curcumin compounds such as tetrahydrocurcumin, OCTA(L-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid), glutathione, and grapeskin/seed extracts may be used. Suitable anti-oxidants/radicalscavengers can be selected from esters of tocopherol such as tocopherolacetate.

In one embodiment, the composition comprises tocopherol sorbate. As usedherein, “tocopherol sorbate” refers to the sorbic acid ester oftocopherol, a detailed description of which can be found in issued U.S.Pat. No. 5,922,758. In one embodiment, the composition may comprise fromabout 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 50%,25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, or 5%, by weight of the composition, of thetocopherol sorbate.

19. Conditioning Agents

The personal care compositions of the present invention can contain asafe and effective amount of a conditioning agent selected from, forexample, humectants, moisturizers, occlusives, and emollients which maybe applied to keratinous tissue. In one embodiment, the composition maycomprise from about 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% toabout 50%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, or 5%, by weight of the composition, ofone or more conditioning agents.

Humectants are one group of conditioning agents. Humectants can beselected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, water solublealkoxylated nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof. Polyhydric alcoholsuseful herein include glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol, butyleneglycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethoxylated glucose,1,2-hexane diol, hexanetriol, dipropylene glycol, erythritol, trehalose,diglycerin, xylitol, maltitol, maltose, glucose, fructose, sodiumchondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, hyaluronic acid, sodiumadenosine phosphate, sodium lactate, pyrrolidone carbonate, glucosamine,cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.

Other conditioning agents include water soluble alkoxylated nonionicpolymers such as polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having amolecular weight of up to about 1000 such as those with CTFA namesPEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, and mixtures thereof.

Other conditioning agents include, but are not limited to, guanidine,urea, glycolic acid, glycolate salts (e.g. ammonium and quaternary alkylammonium), salicylic acid, lactic acid, lactate salts (e.g., ammoniumand quaternary alkyl ammonium), aloe vera in any of its variety of forms(e.g., aloe vera gel), polyethylene glycols, sugars (e.g., melibiose),cellulose, dextrin, starches, sugar and starch derivatives (e.g.,alkoxylated glucose, fucose), lactamide monoethanolamine, acetamidemonoethanolamine, panthenol, allantoin, amylose, hyaluronic acid, sodiumhyaluronate, betaglucan, glycogen, alguronic acid, galactoarabinan andmixtures thereof.

Other conditioning agents are extracts that contain polysaccharidesincluding the following materials: TriMoist KMF (Mibelle AGBiochemistry), Fucogel® and Glycofilm® (Solabia Group), Aquaxyl™(Seppic), Pheohydrane P (Barnet Products Corporation), Aesthigel (BarnetProducts Corporation), Pentacare HP (Pentapharm), and Hyalurosmooth(Laboratoires Serobiologiques).

Also useful herein are the propoxylated glycerols described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,976,953. Also useful are various C₁-C₃₀ monoesters and polyestersof sugars and related materials. These esters are derived from a sugaror polyol moiety and one or more carboxylic acid moieties. Othersuitable conditioning agents are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,750,122;5,674,478; 4,529,586; 4,507,280; 4,663,158; 4,197,865; 4,217,914;4,381,919: and 4,422,853.

20. Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Steroidal anti-inflammatory agents can include, but are not limited to,corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone. In addition, nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory agents can be useful herein. The varieties ofcompounds encompassed by this group are well known to those skilled inthe art. Specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents that can beuseful in the composition of the present invention include, but are notlimited to, salicylates, flufenamic acid, etofenamate, aspirin, andmixtures thereof.

Additional anti-inflammatory agents useful herein include allantoin andcompounds of the Licorice (the plant genus/species Glycyrrhiza glabra)family, including glycyrrhetic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, and derivativesthereof (e.g., salts and esters).

In one embodiment, the composition may comprises from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 50%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,or 5%, by weight of the composition, of one or more anti-inflammatoryagents.

21. Tanning Actives

The compositions of the present invention can comprise a tanning active.In one embodiment, the composition may comprises from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 50%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,or 5%, by weight of the composition, of a tanning active. A suitabletanning active is dihydroxyacetone.

22. Skin Lightening Agents

The compositions of the present invention can comprise a skin lighteningagent. In one embodiment, the composition may comprises from about0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 50%, 25%, 20%,10%, 7%, or 5%, by weight of the composition, of one or more skinlightening agents. Suitable skin lightening agents include those knownin the art, including ascorbyl glucoside, kojic acid, hydroquinonearbutin, and tranexamic acid. Other skin lightening materials suitablefor use herein can include Acitwhite® (Cognis), Emblica® (Rona),Azeloglicina (Sinerga) and extracts (e.g. mulberry extract). Anexemplary skin lightening agent is ascorbyl glucoside. Other skinlightening actives include Phlorogine and Phlorgine BG (laminariasaccharina extract), deoxyarbutin, sucrose dilaurate, bakuchiol,pyrenoine, millet, arlatone dioic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid,achromaxyl, methyl nicotinamide, oil soluble licorice extract, folicacid, undecylenic acid, zinc undecylenate, L-tryptophan, thiamine HCl,hexylresorcinol, lipidami red vine, dragosine, methyl gentisate,inositol, 1,2-hexandiol and 1,2-octandiol (available as Symdiol 68 fromSymrise), laminaine, their salts, their derivatives, their precursors,and combinations thereof. Suitable skin lightening agents are furtherdisclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2010/0189669 A1.

23. Botanical Extracts

The personal care composition may comprise botanical extracts. In oneembodiment, the composition may comprises from about 0.0001%, 0.0005%0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,5%, 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more botanical extracts.Suitable botanical extracts include extracts from plants (herbs, roots,flowers, fruits, seeds) such as flowers, fruits, vegetables, and so on,including yeast ferment extract, Padina Pavonica extract, thermusthermophilis ferment extract, camelina sativa seed oil, boswelliaserrata extract, olive extract, bodopsis Thaliana extract, AcaciaDealbata extract, Acer Saccharinum (sugar maple), acidopholus, acorns,aesculus, Alicaligenes polysaccharides, agaricus, agave, agrimonia,algae, aloe, citrus, brassica, cinnamon, orange, apple, blueberry,cranberry, peach, pear, lemon, lime, pea, seaweed, caffeine, green tea,chamomile, willowbark, mulberry, poppy, and the like. Further specificexamples include, but are not limited to, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, SalixNigra, Macrocycstis Pyrifera, Pyrus Malus, Saxifraga Sarmentosa, VitisVinifera, Morus Nigra, Scutellaria Baicalensis, Anthemis Nobilis, SalviaSclarea, Rosmarinus Officianalis, Citrus Medica Limonum, Ginkgo BilobaPanax Ginseng, Siegesbeckia Orientalis, Fructus Mume, AscophyllumNodosum, Bifida Ferment lysate, Glycine Soja extract, Beta Vulgaris,Haberlea Rhodopensis, Polygonum Cuspidatum, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis,Vitis Vinifera, Selaginella Tamariscina, Humulus Lupulus, CitrusReticulata Peel, Punica Granatum, Asparagopsis, Curcuma Longa,Menyanthes Trifoliata, Helianthus Annuus, Hordeum Vulgare, CucumisSativus, Evernia Prunastri, Evernia Furfuracea, Laminaria Angustata,Laminaria Cloustoni, Laminaria Digitata, Laminaria Digitata, LaminariaHyperborea, Laminaria Japonica, Laminaria Longissima, LaminariaOchotensis, Laminaria Ochroleuca, Laminaria Saccharina, and mixturesthereof. Other suitable actives are listed in the functional category of“Biological Products” in the Personal Care Product Council'sInternational Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, ThirteenthEdition, 2010.

24. Antimicrobial, Antibacterial and Antifungal Actives

The personal care compositions can comprise an antimicrobial orantifungal active. A safe and effective amount of an antimicrobial orantifungal active can be added to the present compositions. In oneembodiment, the composition may comprises from about 0.0001%, 0.001%,0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%, or3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more antimicrobial,antibacterial and/or antifungal actives.

Suitable actives useful herein include those selected from the groupconsisting of benzoyl peroxide, 3-hydroxy benzoic acid, glycolic acid,lactic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid,2-hydroxypentanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, phytic acid, lipoicacid, azelaic acid, arachidonic acid, benzoylperoxide, tetracycline,ibuprofen, naproxen, hydrocortisone, acetominophen, resorcinol,phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, lidocainehydrochloride, neocycin sulfate, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable antimicrobial actives include coal tar, sulfur, whitfield'sointment, castellani's paint, aluminum chloride, gentian violet,octopirox (piroctone olamine), 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy diphenylether (Triclosan), 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (Triclocarban),ciclopirox olamine, undecylenic acid and metal salts, potassiumpermanganate, selenium sulfide, sodium thiosulfate, propylene glycol,oil of bitter orange, urea preparations, griseofulvin,8-Hydroxyquinoline ciloquinol, thiobendazole, thiocarbamates,haloprogin, polyenes, hydroxypyridone, morpholine, benzylamine,allylamines (such as terbinafine), tea tree oil, clove leaf oil,coriander, palmarosa, berberine, thyme red, cinnamon oil, cinnamicaldehyde, citronellic acid, hinokitol, ichthyol pale,ethylhexylglycerin, hexamidine diisethionate, azelaic acid, lyticase,iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), isothiazalinones such as octylisothiazalinone, and combinations thereof.

Azole antimicrobials may be used and include imidazoles such asbenzimidazole, benzothiazole, bifonazole, butaconazole nitrate,climbazole, clotrimazole, croconazole, eberconazole, econazole, elubiol,fenticonazole, fluconazole, flutimazole, isoconazole, ketoconazole,lanoconazole, metronidazole, miconazole, neticonazole, omoconazole,oxiconazole nitrate, sertaconazole, sulconazole nitrate, tioconazole,thiazole, and triazoles such as terconazole and itraconazole, andcombinations thereof.

Selenium sulfide may be used as an antimicrobial. Selenium sulfide isgenerally regarded as a compound having one mole of selenium and twomoles of sulfur, although it may also be a cyclic formula that conformsto the general formula Se_(x)S_(y), wherein x+y=8. Average particlediameters for the selenium sulfide are typically less than 15 μm, asmeasured by forward laser light scattering device (e.g., Malvern 3600instrument), or, alternately, less than 10 μm. Selenium sulfidecompounds are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,694,668,3,152,046, 4,089,945, and 4,885,107.

Other suitable actives are listed in the functional category of“Cosmetic Biocides” in the Personal Care Product Council's InternationalCosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010.

25. Antiperspirant Actives

Antiperspirant actives may also be included in the compositions of thepresent invention. Suitable antiperspirant actives include astringentmetallic salts, especially the inorganic and organic salts of aluminumzirconium and zinc, as well as mixtures thereof. Exemplary activesinclude aluminum containing and/or zirconium-containing materials orsalts, such as aluminum halides, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminumhydroxyhalides, zirconyl oxyhalides, zirconyl hydroxyhalides, andmixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the composition may comprises fromabout 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%,25%, 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%, or 3% by weight of the composition, of one ormore antiperspirant compounds.

26. Sensates

The personal care composition may include a warming sensates and/orcooling senate. Sensates provide the sensation of heating or cooling toa user, but may or may not yield a change in skin temperature. Thesensation may be instantaneous or may be delayed, but, generally, isappreciable within 5 minutes of application of the skin carecomposition. In one embodiment, the composition may comprises from about0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%,10%, 7%, 5%, or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or moresensates. Any mixture of the warming and/or cooling sensates may also beused.

Suitable warming sensates include vanillyl alcohol derivatives includingof vanillyl alcohol n-butyl ether, vanillyl alcohol n-propyl ether,vanillyl alcohol isopropyl ether, vanillyl alcohol isobutyl ether,vanillyl alcohol n-amino ether, vanillyl alcohol isoamyl ether, vanillylalcohol n-hexyl ether, vanillyl alcohol methyl ether and vanillylalcohol ethyl ether; and phosphate derivatives comprising theaforementioned vanillyl alcohol derivatives such as vanillyl alcoholisoamyl ether monophosphate, vanillyl alcohol n-butyl ethermonophosphate, vanillyl alcohol n-hexyl ether monophosphate. Othersuitable warming sensates include ethyl alcohol, niacin, jambu,nicotinic acid, zingerone, vanillyl alcohol n-butyl ether, vanillylalcohol n-propyl ether, vanillyl alcohol isopropyl ether, vanillylalcohol isobutyl ether, vanillyl alcohol n-amino ether, vanillyl alcoholisoamyl ether, vanillyl alcohol n-hexyl ether, vanillyl alcohol methylether, vanillyl alcohol ethyl ether, gingerol, methyl salicylate,shogaol paradol, zingerone, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin,nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, ethanol,tincture capsicum, oleoresin ginger alcohol extraction, eucalyptus oil,capsaicin, cinnamic aldehyde, chloroform, ether, iso-Amyl alcohol,benzyl alcohol, allyl isothiocyanate, ethyl acetate, glycerine,limonene, menthol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-cyclohexen-2-one-1, and mixturesthereof. Further suitable warming sensates include fluid extracts,hydro-alcohol extracts, essential oils, oleoresins, concretes ordistillates of mustard seed, ginger, horseradish, chillies, jalapeno,pepper, capsicum, clove, cassia, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable cooling sensates include menthol, isopulegole,3-(1-menthoxy)propan-1,2-diol, p-menthan-3,8-diol,6-isopropyl-9-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro-(4,5)-decane-2-methanol, menthylsuccinate, alkaline earth salts of menthyl succinate, trimethylcyclohexanol, N-ethyl-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexane carboxamide andother carboxamides as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,136,163 and4,230,688, 3-(1-menthoxy)-2-methyl-propan-1,2-diol, mint oil, peppermintoil, wintergreen, menthone, menthone glycerin ketal and other glycerolketals described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,592, menthyl lactate,2-(5′-methyl-2-(methylethyl)cyclohexyloxy)ethan-1-ol,3-(5′-methyl-2′-(methylethyl)cyclohexyloxy)propan-1-ol,4-(5′-methyl-2′-(methylethyl)cyclohexyloxy) butan-1-ol, and spearmint.Other cooling sensates include p-menth-3-yl n-butyl sulphoxide, n-butyl1-isobutylcyclohexyl sulphoxide, n-hexyl 1-isobutylcyclohexylsulphoxide, n-butyl 1-isoamylcyclohexyl sulphoxide and n-hexyl1,2-diethylcyclohexyl sulphoxide, and other cyclic sulphoxides andsulphones as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,032,661.

27. Preservatives

In one embodiment, the composition may comprises from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 10%, 7%, 5%, 2%, or 1%,by weight of the composition, of one or more preservatives. A variety ofpreservatives are suitable, including such as benzoic acid, benzylalcohol, benzylhemiformal, benzylparaben, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane,2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, butyl paraben, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, propyl paraben, diazolidinyl urea, sodium benzoate, calciumbenzoate, calcium propionate, caprylyl glycol, biguanide derivatives,phenoxyethanol, captan, chlorhexidine diacetate, chlorhexidinedigluconate, chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, chloroacetamide,chlorobutanol, p-chloro-m-cresol, chlorophene, chlorothymol,chloroxylenol, m-cresol, o-cresol, DEDM hydantoin, DEDM hydantoindilaurate, dehydroacetic acid, diazolidinyl urea, dibromopropamidinediisethionate, DMDM hydantoin, glyceryl caprylate, potassium sorbate,salicylic acid, hexamidine, capryloyl glycine, 1,2 hexanediol,undecylenoyl glycine, ethylhexylglycerin, caprylhydroxamic acid,methylpropanediol, hinokitiol, sodium hinokitiol, phenylethyl alcohol,levulinec acid, p-anisic acid, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, sodiumhydroxymethylglycinate, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate,methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, piroctone olamine,cinnamon oil, rosemary extract, Biopein® (available form Bio-Botanica),Naticide® (available form Sinerga), and combinations thereof. In oneembodiment, the composition is free of parabens and/or formaldehydes.

28. Anti-Dandruff Actives

The personal care compositions of the present invention may also containan anti-dandruff agent. In one embodiment, the personal care compositionmay comprises from about 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or1% to about 20%, 10%, 7%, 5%, 4%, 3%, or 2%, by weight of thecomposition, of one or more anti-dandruff actives. Suitable,non-limiting examples of anti-dandruff particulates include:pyridinethione salts, azoles, selenium sulfide, particulate sulfur, andmixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment, pyridinethioneanti-dandruff particulates, especially 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts,may be used. Suitable pyridinethione salts include those formed fromheavy metals such as zinc, tin, cadmium, magnesium, aluminum andzirconium. In particular, zinc or a zinc salt of1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as “zinc pyridinethione” or “ZPT”) maybe used. 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts may be in platelet particleform, wherein the particles have an average size of up to about 20μ, upto about 5μ, or up to about 2.5μ. Salts formed from other cations, suchas sodium, may also be suitable. Pyridinethione anti-dandruff agents aredescribed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,809,971; 3,236,733;3,753,196; 3,761,418; 4,345,080; 4,323,683; 4,379,753; and 4,470,982. Itis contemplated that when ZPT is used as the anti-dandruff particulatein the compositions herein, that the growth or re-growth of hair may bestimulated or regulated, or both, or that hair loss may be reduced orinhibited, or that hair may appear thicker or fuller.

29. Substantivity Polymers

The personal care composition can comprise one or more substantivitypolymers. These polymers may be used to enhance the deposition andlongevity of other ingredients onto the keratinous tissue. Thesepolymers may also improve rub-off resistance and water repellence. Inone embodiment, the composition may comprises from about 0.0001%,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 30%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 7%,5%, or 3%, by weight of the composition, of one or more substantivitypolymer.

Suitable cationic polymers for use in the compositions of the presentinvention contain cationic nitrogen-containing moieties such asquaternary ammonium or cationic protonated amino moieties. The cationicprotonated amines can be primary, secondary, or tertiary amines(preferably secondary or tertiary), depending upon the particularspecies and the selected pH of the composition. Any anionic counterionscan be used in association with the cationic polymers so long as thepolymers remain soluble in water, in the composition, or in a coacervatephase of the composition, and so long as the counterions are physicallyand chemically compatible with the essential components of thecomposition or do not otherwise unduly impair product performance,stability or aesthetics. Non limiting examples of such counterionsinclude halides (e.g., chloride, fluoride, bromide, iodide), sulfate andmethylsulfate.

Non limiting examples of suitable cationic polymers include copolymersof vinyl monomers having cationic protonated amine or quaternaryammonium functionalities with water soluble spacer monomers such asacrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl acrylamides, alkyl anddialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, vinylcaprolactone or vinyl pyrrolidone.

Suitable cationic protonated amino and quaternary ammonium monomers, forinclusion in the cationic polymers of the composition herein, includevinyl compounds substituted with dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate,dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl acrylate,monoalkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, trialkyl methacryloxyalkyl ammoniumsalt, trialkyl acryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, diallyl quaternary ammoniumsalts, and vinyl quaternary ammonium monomers having cyclic cationicnitrogen-containing rings such as pyridinium, imidazolium, andquaternized pyrrolidone, e.g., alkyl vinyl imidazolium, alkyl vinylpyridinium, alkyl vinyl pyrrolidone salts.

Other suitable cationic polymers for use in the compositions includecopolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium salt(e.g., chloride salt) (INCI name: Polyquaternium-16); copolymers of1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (INCI name:Polyquaternium-11); cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containingpolymers, including, for example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloridehomopolymer, copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride (INCI name: Polyquaternium 6 and Polyquaternium 7,respectively); amphoteric copolymers of acrylic acid includingcopolymers of acrylic acid and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (INCIname: Polyquaternium 22), terpolymers of acrylic acid withdimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide (INCI name:Polyquaternium 39), and terpolymers of acrylic acid withmethacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride and methylacrylate (INCIname: Polyquaternium 47). Preferred cationic substituted monomers arethe cationic substituted dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamides,dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamides, and combinations thereof. Thesepreferred monomers conform to the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; each of R², R³ and R⁴ areindependently hydrogen or a short chain alkyl having from about 1 toabout 8 carbon atoms; n is an integer having a value of from about 1 toabout 8; and X is a counterion. The nitrogen attached to R², R³ and R⁴may be a protonated amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), but ispreferably a quaternary ammonium wherein each of R², R³ and R⁴ are alkylgroups a non limiting example of which is polymethyacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, available under the trade name Polycare 133, fromRhone-Poulenc.

Other suitable cationic polymers for use in the composition includepolysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives andcationic starch derivatives. Suitable cationic polysaccharide polymersinclude those which conform to the formula:

wherein A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a starch orcellulose anhydroglucose residual; R is an alkylene oxyalkylene,polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group, or combination thereof; R1,R2, and R3 independently are alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl,alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing up to about 18carbon atoms; and X is an anionic counterion as described inhereinbefore.

Suitable cationic cellulose polymers are salts of hydroxyethyl cellulosereacted with trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, INCI name“Polyquaternium 10” and available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, N.J.,USA) in their Polymer LR, JR, and KG series of polymers. Other suitabletypes of cationic cellulose includes the polymeric quaternary ammoniumsalts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethylammonium-substituted epoxide, INCI name “Polyquaternium 24.” Thesematerials are available from Amerchol Corp. under the tradename PolymerLM-200.

Other suitable cationic polymers include cationic guar gum derivatives,such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, specific examples of whichinclude the Jaguar series commercially available from Rhone-PoulencIncorporated and the N-Hance series commercially available from AqualonDivision of Hercules, Inc. Other suitable cationic polymers includequaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers, some examples of whichare described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,418. Other suitable cationicpolymers include copolymers of etherified cellulose, guar and starch,some examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,958,581.

The compositions herein can comprise nonionic polymers. For instance,polyalkylene glycols having a molecular weight of more than about 1000can be used. These can include those having the following generalformula:

H(OCH₂CRH)_(n)—OH

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, andmixtures thereof; and n is a value selected such that the molecularweight of the molecule is greater than 1000 Da. Preferred polyethyleneglycol polymers can include PEG-2M (also known as Polyox WSR® N-10,which is available from Dow Chemical Co. and as PEG-2,000); PEG-5M (alsoknown as Polyox WSR® N-35 and Polyox WSR® N-80, available from Dow andas PEG-5,000 and Polyethylene Glycol 300,000); PEG-7M (also known asPolyox WSR® N-750 available from Dow); PEG-9M (also known as Polyox WSR®N-3333 available from Dow); and PEG-14 M (also known as Polyox WSR®N-3000 available from Dow).

Suitable commercially available substantivity polymers include: CosmediaDC (hydrogenated dimer Dilinoleyl/Dimethylcarbonate Copolymer) availablefrom Cognis; Polycrylene (copolymer of adipic acid and neopentyl glycolend-capped with either octyldodecanol or a cyanodiphenylpropenoylgroup). Polycrylene has the INCI name Polyester-8 and is available fromHallstar Co; Dow Corning FA 4001 CM Silicone Acrylate and Dow Corning FA4002 ID Silicone Acrylate (copolymer of polytrimethylsiloxymethacrylateand one or more monomers consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid,or one of their simple esters dissolved in cyclopentasiloxane orisododecane, respectively); Ganex P-904 (poly(butylatedvinylpyrrolidone)), Ganex V-216 (vinylpyrrolidone and hexadecenecopolymer), Ganex V-220 (vinylpyrrolidone and eicosene copolymer), andGanex WP-660 (vinyl pyrrolidone and 1-triacontane copolymer), allavailable from International Specialty Products; Phospholipon 90H(hydrogenated lecithin) available from Phospholipid GmbH; Dermacryl AQF(acrylates copolymer) available fromNational Starch and ChemicalCompany; Stantiv OMA-2 (octadecene and maleic anhydride copolymer)available from Vertellus Performance Materials, Inc.; Dermacryl-79(copolymer of octylacrylamide and one or more monomers consisting ofacrylic acid, methacrylic acid or one of their simple esters) availablefrom National Starch and Chemical Company; Allianz OPT (copolymer of:methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, andcetyl-eicosinyl methacrylate) available from International SpecialtyProducts; and Avalure UR 450 (PPG-17, isophorone diisocyanate anddimethylol propionic acid copolymer) available from Noveon.

Other suitable polymers are disclosed in paragraph 50 of U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2006/0134045 A1.

30. Detersive Surfactants

Depending upon the form and function, the personal care composition mayinclude one or more detersive surfactants. In certain embodiments, thepersonal care composition may be in the form of a leave-on product thatmay be substantially free of cleansing or detersive surfactants. Forexample, leave-on compositions may comprise less than 1% cleansingsurfactants, less than 0.5% cleansing surfactants, or 0% cleansingsurfactants

If and when present, the detersive surfactant component can be includedto provide cleaning performance to the composition. The detersivesurfactant component in turn can comprise anionic detersive surfactant,zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactant, or a combinationthereof. Such surfactants should be physically and chemically compatiblewith the essential components described herein, or should not otherwiseunduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.

Suitable anionic detersive surfactant components for use in thecomposition herein include those which are known for use in hair care orother personal care cleansing compositions. When included, theconcentration of the anionic surfactant component in the composition canpreferably be sufficient to provide the desired cleaning and latherperformance, which generally can range from about 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%,10%, 12.5%, or 15% to about 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, or 10%, by weightof the composition.

Suitable anionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions arethe alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. These materials have the respectiveformulae ROSO₃M and RO(C₂H₄O)_(X)SO₃M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl offrom about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is an integer having a value offrom 1 to 10, and M is a cation such as ammonium, alkanolamines, such astriethanolamine, monovalent metals, such as sodium and potassium, andpolyvalent metal cations, such as magnesium, and calcium.

In certain embodiments, R has from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms,from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, or from about 12 to about 14carbon atoms, in both the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. The alkylether sulfates are typically made as condensation products of ethyleneoxide and monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 24 carbonatoms. The alcohols can be synthetic or they can be derived from fats,e.g., coconut oil, palm kernel oil, tallow. Lauryl alcohol and straightchain alcohols derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil arepreferred. Such alcohols are reacted with between about 0 and about 10,from about 2 to about 5, or about 3, molar proportions of ethyleneoxide, and the resulting mixture of molecular species having, forexample, an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, issulfated and neutralized.

Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are the water-soluble saltsof organic, sulfuric acid reaction products conforming to the formula[R¹—SO₃-M] where R¹ is a straight or branched chain, saturated,aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to about 24 or fromabout 10 to about 18 carbon atoms; and M is a cation describedhereinbefore.

Still other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are the reactionproducts of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralizedwith sodium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty acids are derivedfrom coconut oil or palm kernel oil; sodium or potassium salts of fattyacid amides of methyl tauride in which the fatty acids, for example, arederived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil. Other similar anionicsurfactants are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,486,921, 2,486,922, and2,396,278.

Other anionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the compositionsare the succinnates, examples of which include disodiumN-octadecylsulfosuccinnate; disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate; diammoniumlauryl sulfosuccinate; tetrasodiumN-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecylsulfosuccinnate; diamyl ester ofsodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid;and dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid.

Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants include olefin sulfonateshaving about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms. In addition to the true alkenesulfonates and a proportion of hydroxy-alkanesulfonates, the olefinsulfonates can contain minor amounts of other materials, such as alkenedisulfonates depending upon the reaction conditions, proportion ofreactants, the nature of the starting olefins and impurities in theolefin stock and side reactions during the sulfonation process. A nonlimiting example of such an alpha-olefin sulfonate mixture is describedin U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,880.

Another class of anionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in thepersonal care composition is beta-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates. Thesesurfactants conform to the formula

where R¹ is a straight chain alkyl group having from about 6 to about 20carbon atoms, R² is a lower alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3carbon atoms, preferably 1 carbon atom, and M is a water-soluble cationas described hereinbefore.

Suitable anionic detersive surfactants for use in the compositionsinclude ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylaminelauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine laurylsulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine laurylsulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine laurylsulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodiumsulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium laurylsulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodiumlauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoylsulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroylsulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate,triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate,monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodiumtridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodiumcocoyl isethionate and combinations thereof.

Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic detersive surfactants for use in thecomposition herein include those which are known for use in hair care orother personal care cleansing. Amphoteric detersive surfactants suitablefor use in the composition are well known in the art, and include thosesurfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary andtertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight orbranched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents containsfrom about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic groupsuch as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.Preferred amphoteric detersive surfactants for use in the presentinvention include cocoamphoacetate, cocoamphodiacetate,lauroamphoacetate, lauroamphodiacetate, and mixtures thereof. Nonlimiting examples of suitable zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants aredescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,104,646 and 5,106,609.

Zwitterionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the compositionare well known in the art, and include those surfactants broadlydescribed as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium,and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straightor branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituentscontains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains ananionic group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate orphosphonate. Zwitterionics such as betaines are preferred.

Suitable optional surfactants include nonionic and cationic surfactants.Any such surfactant known in the art for use in hair or personal careproducts may be used, provided that the optional additional surfactantis also chemically and physically compatible with the essentialcomponents of the composition, or does not otherwise unduly impairproduct performance, aesthetics or stability. Non limiting examples ofother anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric or optional additionalsurfactants suitable for use in the compositions are described inMcCutcheon's, Emulsifiers and Detergents, 2010 Annual Ed., published byM. C. Publishing Co., and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,929,678, 2,658,072,2,438,091, and 2,528,378.

Any other suitable optional component can also be included in thepersonal care composition of the present invention, such as thoseingredients that are conventionally used in given product types. ThePersonal Care Product Council's International Cosmetic IngredientDictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010, describes a widevariety of nonlimiting functional materials that can be added to thecomposition herein. Examples of these functional classes include, butare not limited to: abrasives, absorbents, fragrances, anti-acne agents,anti-caking agents, antifoaming agents, antimicrobial agents (e.g.,iodopropyl butylcarbamate), antifungal agents, antioxidants, binders,buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, colorants, cosmeticastringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, externalanalgesics, film formers, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, plantderivatives, plant extracts, plant tissue extracts, plant seed extracts,plant oils, botanicals, botanical extracts, preservatives, propellants,reducing agents, sebum control agents, sequestrants, skin bleachingagents, skin-conditioning agents (e.g. humectants and occlusive agents),and skin protectants. Other suitable optional person care ingredientsinclude materials listed in paragraphs 513-839 of U.S Patent ApplicationNo. 2010/0112100.

Improved Efficacy Test

The efficacy of a personal care composition comprising abrasiveparticles can be compared to a personal care composition containedconventional particles and no particles. The examples are providedbelow:

(values in wt %) Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Water QS QS QS QS Sodium CocoylIsethionate 18.000 18.000 18.000 18.000 Glycerin 18.000 18.000 18.00018.000 Lauramidopropyl Betaine 8.571 8.571 8.571 8.571 AcrylatesCopolymer 4.167 4.167 4.167 4.167 PEG-7M 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100Disodium EDTA 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 Perfume 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300Menthol 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 Methylchloroisothiazolinone 0.030 0.0300.030 0.030 & Methylisothiazolinone Abrasive Particle A *1 — — 3.000 —Abrasive Particle B *2 — — — 3.000 Oxidized polyethylene *3 — 3.000 — —*1 A foamed and reduced cross-linked styrene-co-divinyl benzenecopolymer with approximately a 50:50 weight ratio of styrene to DVB 55(DVB 55 a mixture of divinyl benzene and ethyl vinyl benzene in theweight ratio of 55:45, commercially available from the Dow Chemical Co.)with the following particle parameters: mean ECD = 118 microns, meanRoughness = 0.11, mean Circularity = 0.40; and mean Solidity = 0.80. *2A foamed and reduced cross-linked styrene-co-divinyl benzene copolymerwith approximately a 50:50 weight ratio of styrene to DVB 55 (DVB 55 amixture of divinyl benzene and ethyl vinyl benzene in the weight ratioof 55:45, commercially available from the Dow Chemical Co.) with thefollowing particle parameters: mean ECD = 218 microns, mean Roughness =0.11, mean Circularity = 0.40; and mean Solidity = 0.82. *3 Asensa ® SC240 available from Allied Signal Inc., Morristown, NJ. Supplier reportedaverage particle size of 125 micrometers.FIG. 4 is an electron microscopy image showing oxidized polyethyleneparticles from Example 2. FIG. 5 is an electron microscopy image showingthe abrasive particle A from Example 3. FIG. 6 is an electron microscopyimage showing the abrasive particle B from Example 4.

The cleansing efficacy of Examples 1-4 may be tested according to thefollowing method. The volar forearm of a test subject is marked intofour 4 cm×3 cm sites. Makeup (i.e., Elizabeth Arden Flawless FinishSponge-on Cream Makeup—warm beige) is applied to each of the four sites.For each site, apply the makeup by dosing a makeup sponge by swiping thesponge across the makeup three times with moderate pressure. Swipe theloaded sponge across a test site three times (with moderate pressure)keeping makeup inside of site. Allow the makeup to dry for 5 minutes.Cleanse one site with an exemplary formulation. Approximately 0.50 cm³of the exemplary cleanser product is applied to the test site. Rub thecleanser within the site using the index and middle fingers together ina circular/up and down motion for 15 seconds. Rinse the site underrunning water while rubbing with the index and middle fingers togetherin a circular motion/up and down motion for 10 seconds. Gently pat thesite dry with paper towels taking care not to remove any makeup residue.Allow the site to dry for 5 minutes. The makeup residue on the test siteis removed by using a clean cotton round (e.g., Johnson's Pure CottonCosmentic Rounds from Johnson & Johnson) dosed with 1000 ul of a make-upremover (e.g., Lancome Bi-Facil makeup remover). Swipe the test sitewith the dosed pad twice by wrapping pad around middle finger holdingfirmly in place with the index and third finger. Turn pad 180° and swipethe test site twice in a direction perpendicular to the first twoswipes. Color values of the residual makeup collected on the cottonround is analyzed using a chromameter (e.g., Minolta ChromameterCR-200). Measurements are taken at the center of the cotton round wherethe residual makeup was collected. Obtained three measurements of colorvalues of L*, a*, and b* for each cotton round. Calculate an averagedelta E (i.e., total color difference). The delta E for Examples 1-4 arereported in the table below. Sensory feel data is subjective evaluationof the texture of the examples.

Example Sensory Feel Delta E Ex. 1 Smooth 33.264 Ex. 2 Scrubby, hard, abit of harsh 30.669 Ex. 3 A bit of Scrubby, not hard 23.935 Ex. 4 Smooth23.314A High Delta E value indicates more residue left on the skin by theproduct and a low Delta E value indicates low makeup residue. The testresults demonstrate that the personal care compositions with theabrasive particles described herein provide better cleaning efficacywhile providing an acceptable feel profile.

Exemplary Personal Care Composition

The following formulations are non-limiting prophetic examples ofsuitable personal care compositions. Where applicable, ingredients arereferenced by INCI name. While particular embodiments of the subjectinvention have been described, it will be obvious to those skilled inthe art that various changes and modifications to the subject inventioncan be made without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention. Examples 1-12 are skin care compositions that have thebenefit of improved exfoliation and/or microdermabrasion as provided bythe abrasive particles.

Examples (values are weight %) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PHASE ADC-9040 *1 5.10 13.5 q.s to 100 DC-9045 *2 15 15 32.75 14.0 14.0 PEG-4q.s to 100 Dimethicone 4.10 6 6 5.2 5.2 Polymethylsilsesquioxane *3 4.107.5 0.5 0.5 Polyethylene beads *4 2.0 2.0 Cyclomethicone 11.4 23.5 15 15q.s to 100 10.0 1.05 1.05 KSG-210 *5 5.40 2.5 KSG-310 *6 20.0Polyethylene wax *7 2.05 DC-2503 Cosmetic Wax *8 3.77 1.5 Abil EM97 *90.45 0.45 KF 6017 *10 0.375 Cetyl Ricinoleate 0.25 KTZ Fine TiO₂ coated1.00 Mica *11 Dow Corning 1503 *12 3 3 3.5 3.5 Octisalate 4.0 4.0Homosalate 4.0 4.0 Octocrylene 1.5 1.5 Avobenzene 2.0 2.0 Isopropyl 7.57.5 Lauroylsarcosinate Tospearl 145A *13 10 10 Prestige Fire Red 11S2*14 0.1 0.1 Microthene FN-510 *15 9 9 10.0 10.0 Petrolatum 0.5Isohexadecane 3.0 3.0 Isopropyl Isostearate 1.0 1.0 Stearic Acid 0.4 0.4Cetearyl Glucoside 0.2 0.5 0.2 Cetyl Alcohol 1.0 1.3 1.0 Stearyl Alcohol20.0 Magnesium Sulfate 3.0 Anhydrous PEG/PEG-300/55 2.0 Copolymer TegoCare CP *16 1.78 Econol TM-22 *17 0.80 Distearyldimonium 0.25 chlorideHydroxypropylcellulose Petrolatum 0.5 0.15 Fragrance 0.10 0.2 0.2 PHASEB Glycerin 10.0 10.0 11 11 10 10.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 Panthenol 0.5 1.00 0.70.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 Pentylene Glycol 3.00 Propylene Glycol 1.00 1.0 1.0 1.0Butylene Glycol 1.00 1.0 1.0 1.0 Tocopherol Acetate 0.50 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.50.5 0.5 0.5 N-Acetyl Glucosamine 0.50 2.0 2.0 Hexamidine 0.10Diisethanoate *18 Niacinamide 5.00 4.00 5.00 5.00 5 5.0 2.5 5.0 2.5Methylparaben 0.20 0.10 0.1 Ethylparaben 0.05 0.10 0.1 0.1 0.1 BenzylAlcohol 0.25 0.50 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 Propyl Paraben 0.10 0.1 0.1 DisodiumEDTA 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 Polysorbate 20 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 GlydantPlus Liquid *19 0.3 0.3 Laureth-4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Sucrose 0.5Polycottonseedate Allantoin 0.1 0.2 0.2 Prodew 400 *20 GLW75CAP-MP *210.35 0.35 Hydrolyzed wheat 2.0 protein Menthol 0.5 Vanillyl alcoholisoamyl 0.05 ether monophosphate Sodium Chloride 0.50 FD&C Red No. 40.00025 FD&C Blue 1 .0001 Sepigel 305 *22 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Water q.sto q.s to q.s to q.s to q.s to 100 q.s to q.s to 100 q.s to 100 q.s to100 100 100 100 100 100 Abrasive Particle A 0.1%-10% and/or B *23 *1.12.5% Dimethicone Crosspolymer in Cyclopentasiloxane. Available from DowCorning. *2. Dimethicone Crosspolymer in Cyclopentasiloxane. Availablefrom Dow Corning. *3. E.g., Tospearl 145A or Tospearl 2000. Availablefrom GE Toshiba Silicone *4. PFM (250-500 μm) colored beads from Kobo.*5. 25% Dimethicone PEG-10/15 Crosspolymer in Dimethicone. Availablefrom Shin-Etsu *6. PEG-15/Lauryl Dimethicone Crosspolymer in Mineral Oilfrom Shin-Etsu. *7. Jeenate 3H polyethylene wax. Available from Jeen *8.Stearyl Dimethicone. Available from Dow Corning. *9. Bis-PEG/PPG-14/14Dimethicone. Available from Degussa *10. PEG-10 Dimethicone. Availablefrom Shin-Etsu. *11. Hydrophobically modified TiO₂ coated Mica.Available from Kobo. *12. Dimethicone/Dimethiconol blend from DowCorning. *13. Polymethylsilsesquioxane from General Electric. *14. Micaand iron oxides from Eckart. *15. Polyethylene powder available fromEquistar. *16. Dioleoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate mixtureavailable from Degussa Care & Surface Specialties, Hopewell, VA. *17.Behenyltrimethylammonium chloride in carrier available from SanyoPerformance Chemicals, JP. *18. Hexamidine diisethionate, availabilefrom Laboratoires Serobiologiques. *19. DMDM Hydrantoin and IodopropynylButylcarbamate blend available from Lonza, Inc. *20. Available fromAjinomoto U.S.A., Inc., Paramus NJ. *21. TiO₂ with water, glycerine,polyacrylate, and methylparaben available from Kobo Products. *22.Polyacrylamide, C13-14 Isoparaffin, and Laureth-7 blend from Seppic.*23. As described in aforementioned “Improved Efficacy Test”

For example 1, combine the ingredients of Phase A in a suitablecontainer. In a separate suitable container, combine the ingredients ofPhase B. Heat each phase to 75-80° C. while mixing each phase using asuitable mixer (e.g., Anchor blade, propeller blade) until each reachestemperature and is homogenous. Slowly add Phase B to Phase A whilecontinuing to mix Phase A. Continue mixing until batch is uniform.Homogenize product with Ultra-Turrax homogenizer (IKA, Inc) orequivalent and pour product into suitable containers at 75-80° C. Storethe containers at room temperature without disturbing for at least 12hours.

For examples 2-4, 7-10, and 12, in a suitable container, combine theingredients of Phase A and mix with a suitable mixer (with heat ifneeded) until homogenous. In a separate container, combine theingredients of Phase B and mix with a suitable mixer (with heat ifneeded) until homogenous. Slowly add Phase B to Phase A while continuingto mix Phase A. Continue mixing (with heat if needed) until batch isuniform. Homogenize product with Ultra-Turrax homogenizer (IKA, Inc) orequivalent and pour product into suitable containers.

For examples 5-6 and 11, in a suitable vessel, the ingredients arecombined and mixed (with heat if needed) until uniform; the compositionmay be warmed to dissolve all ingredients. Once the composition isuniform, the product is poured into suitable containers.

Examples 13 and 14 may be used as a body cleansing composition.

(values are weight %) 13 14 Cocoamidopropyl betaine 5.15 5.15 SodiumLaureth sulfate 5.8 5.8 Sodium Lauroyl sarcosinate 0.5 0.5Polyquaternium 10 0.1 0.1 C12-14 fatty alcohol 0.45 0.45 Zinc Stearate1.5 1.5 Glycol Distearate 0.25 0.25 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.53 0.53Cocoamidopropyl betaine 0.17 0.17 Lauramide Diethanolamide 0.48 0.48Sodium sulfate 0.05 0.05 Citric Acid 0.05 0.05 DMDM hydantoin(1,3-Dimethylol-5,5- 0.2 0.2 dimethylhydantoin Glydant) Tetra SodiumEDTA 0.1 0.1 Fragrance 0.5 0.5 Polysaccharide (Xanthan Gum-glyoxal 0.20.2 modified Optixan-T) Abrasive Particle A and/or B 2 1 Water BalanceBalance

Examples 15-18 may be used a facial cleansing composition.

(values are weight %) 15 16 17 18 Acrylates Copolymer*1 1.50 2.0 1.25 —Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate — — — 1.0 crosspolymer*2 Sodium LaurylSulfate 2.0 — — — Sodium Laureth Sulfate 8.0 — — — Ammonium LaurylSulfate — 6.0 — — Sodium Trideceth Sulfate — — 3.0 2.5 Sodium MyristoylSarcosinate — 2.0 3.0 2.5 Sodium Lauroamphoacetate*3 — — 6.0 5.0 SodiumHydroxide* pH >6 — — — Triethanolamine* — pH >6 — pH 5.2 CocamidopropylBetaine 4.0 7.0 — — Glycerin 4.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 Sorbitol — — 2.0 2.0Salicylic Acid — — 2.0 2.0 Fragrance 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Preservative 0.30.3 0.15 0.15 Abrasive Particle A and/or B 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 PEG 120Methyl Glucose 0.5 — 0.25 0.25 Trioleate*4 PEG 150 Pentaerythrityl —0.40 — — Tetrastearate*5 Citric Acid** pH 5.5 pH 5.5 pH 5.5 pH 5.5 WaterQS to QS to QS to QS to 100% 100% 100% 100% *per the supplier usedirections, the base is used to activate the acrylates copolymer **acidcan be added to adjust the formula to a lower pH *1Carbopol Aqua SF-1 ®from Noveon ™, Inc. *2Carbopol Ultrez 21 ® from Noveon ™, Inc.*3Miranol ® Ultra L32 from Rhodia *4Glucamate LT ® from Chemron*5Crothix ® from CrodaFor Examples 15-18, add Carbopol® to de-ionized free water of theformulation. Add all surfactants except cationics and betaines. If thepH is less than 6 then add a neutralizing agent (typically a base i.e.,Triethanolamine, sodium hydroxide) to adjust to a pH greater than 6. Ifnecessary, apply gentle heat to reduce viscosity and help minimize airentrapment. Add betaine and/or cationic surfactants. Add conditioningagents, additional rheology modifiers, pearlizing agents, encapsulatedmaterials, exfoliants, preservatives, dyes, fragrances, abrasiveparticles and other desirable ingredients. Lastly, if desired reduce thepH with an acid (i.e. citric acid) and increase viscosity by addingsodium chloride.

Methods of Using the Personal Care Compositions

The personal care compositions of the present invention may be usefulfor improving or regulating a number of keratinous tissue conditions. Asused in relation to methods of using the personal care compositions,“regulating” means maintaining skin appearance and/or feel of thekeratinous tissue with little to no degradation in appearance and/orfeel, and “improving” means affecting a positive change in keratinoustissue appearance and/or feel. The keratinous tissue appearance and/orfeel benefit may be an acute or chronic benefit.

Keratinous tissue conditions that may be regulated or improved include,but are not limited to thickening keratinous tissue (e.g., building theepidermis and/or dermis and/or subcutaneous layers of the skin or lipsand where applicable the keratinous layers of the nail and hair shaftincluding eye lashes), atrophy, softening and/or smoothing, itch,appearance of dark under-eye circles and/or puffy eyes, sallowness,sagging (e.g., glycation), tanning, desquamating, exfoliating, and/orincreasing turnover in mammalian skin, pores size, oily/shinyappearance, hyperpigmentation such as post-inflammatoryhyperpigmentation, spider vessels and/or red blotchiness on mammalianskin, fine lines and wrinkles, dryness (e.g., roughness, scaling,flaking), cellulite, and acne.

Other keratinous conditions that may be regulated or improved includesigns of skin aging including, but not limited to, all outward visiblyand tactilely perceptible manifestations, as well as any macro- ormicro-effects, due to keratinous tissue aging. These signs may resultfrom processes which include, but are not limited to, the development oftextural discontinuities such as wrinkles and coarse deep wrinkles, finelines, skin lines, crevices, bumps, large pores, unevenness orroughness; loss of skin elasticity; discoloration (including undereyecircles); blotchiness; sallowness; hyperpigmented skin regions such asage spots and freckles; keratoses; abnormal differentiation;hyperkeratinization; elastosis; collagen breakdown, and otherhistological changes in the stratum corneum, dermis, epidermis, vascularsystem (e.g., telangiectasia or spider vessels), and underlying tissues(e.g., fat and/or muscle), especially those proximate to the skin.

The personal care compositions of the present invention may be usefulfor improving or regulating insult-affected keratinous tissue.“Insult-affected keratinous tissue,” means keratinous tissue whichexhibits discomfort, irritation, an unpleasant or irregular appearance,and the like, for example after exposure to a physical and/or chemicalirritant. Non-limiting examples of insult-affected keratinous tissueinclude burn (e.g., sunburns, windburn, chemical or thermal burns);rashes (e.g., diaper rash, shaving rash and allergen-induced rashes);discoloration (e.g., bleaching, staining, hyperpigmentation); nicks andcuts (e.g., shaving insults); and dry, chapped or rough skin (e.g., dueto exposure to example wind, cold and/or low humidity). Non-limitingexamples of insults include radiation, wind, low humidity, allergens,pollutants, chemical and natural irritants, bodily fluids, bodily waste,excessive moisture, bacteria, fungi, etc.

Regulating and improving keratinous tissue condition involves topicallyapplying to the keratinous tissue a safe and effective amount of acomposition of the present invention. The amount of the composition thatis applied, the frequency of application and the period of use will varywidely depending upon the actives and other components of a givencomposition and the level of regulation or improvement desired.

In certain embodiments, the composition is chronically applied to thekeratinous tissue and, more specifically, the skin. By “chronic topicalapplication” is meant routine or periodic application of the compositionover a time period during the subject's lifetime. Suitable time periodsinclude at least about one week, at least about one month, at leastabout three months, at least about six months, and at least about oneyear. Typically applications would be on the order of about once per dayover such extended periods, however application rates can vary fromabout once per week up to about three times per day or more.

A wide range of quantities of the compositions of the present inventioncan be employed to provide a skin appearance and/or feel benefit.Quantities of the present compositions, which are typically applied perapplication, are, in mg of composition per cm² of keratinous tissue and,more specifically, the skin A suitable application quantity is fromabout 0.1 mg/cm² to about 20 mg/cm² or from about 0.5 mg/cm² to about 10mg/cm².

Suitable keratinous tissues to which the compositions may be employedinclude any part of the external portion of the face, hair, and/ornails. For example, the personal care composition may be applied to theface, lips, under-eye area, eyelids, scalp, neck, torso, arms, hands,legs, fingernails, toenails, scalp hair, eyelashes, eyebrows, and thelike. In one embodiment the personal care composition is applied to a“facial skin surface,” which refers to one or more of the forehead,periorbital, cheek, perioral, chin, and nose skin surfaces.

When in the form of a leave-on, the personal care compositions may beleft on the keratinous tissue for a period of at least about 15 minutes,at least about 30 minutes, at least about 1 hour, or for several hours(e.g., over 12 hours).

The application of the present compositions may be done using, e.g., thepalms of the hands and/or fingers, an implement, e.g., a cotton ball,swab, pad etc.

The composition can be dispensed from a bottle, jar, tube, sachet,pouch, container, bottle, vial, ampoule, compact, etc. or can beintegrally contained within a delivery form such as a wipe. Theapplication of the present compositions may be done using the palms ofthe hands and/or fingers. The application may also be done with the aidof a device or implement such as a cotton ball, swab, pad, brush, eyedropper, puff, sponge, wand, wipe, foam, nonwoven substrate, mask,roll-on applicator, stick applicator, applicator pen, spray applicator,atomizer, razor, etc. The active may be contained in a rupturable pouchbetween two substrates.

Test Methods

1. Turbidity (NTU)—The turbidity (measured in NTU: NephelometricTurbidity Units) is measured using a Hach 2100P turbidity metercalibrated according to the procedure provided by the manufacture. Thesample vials are filled with 15 ml of representative sample and cappedand cleaned according to the operating instructions. If necessary, thesamples are degassed to remove any bubbles either by applying a vacuumor using an ultrasonic bath (see operating manual for procedure). Theturbidity is measured using the automatic range selection.

2. Viscosity—Viscosities are measured on a Brookfield viscometer using aT-C bar spindle with a heliopath setting at 5 rpm at 25° C.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation ofany document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect toany invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in anycombination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests ordiscloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

1. A personal care composition for cleansing keratinous tissuecomprising: a) abrasive particles having two or more parameters selectedfrom a group consisting of: i) a mean Equivalent Circle diameter ofbetween 10 μm to 1000 μm, 50 μm to 500 μm, 75 μm to 350 μm, or 100 μm to250 μm; ii) a mean Circularity of between 0.10 to 0.50 or between 0.35to 0.45; iii) a mean Solidity of between 0.40 to 0.90, 0.70 to 0.90, or0.75 to 0.85; iv) a mean Roughness between 0.05 to 0.30 or between 0.05to 0.15; v) a packing density of between 10 to 250 kg/m³, 50 to 150kg/m³, 60 to 120 kg/m³, or 70 to 100 kg/m³; vi) a hardness of between 5to 50 kg/mm² or 15 to 25 kg/mm²; b) from about 1% to 10%, by weight ofthe composition, of a detersive surfactant; and c) a dermatologicallyacceptable carrier.
 2. A personal care composition in the form of anemulsion comprising: a) an aqueous phase, b) an oil phase, and c)abrasive particles, abrasive particles having two or more parametersselected from a group consisting of: i) a mean Equivalent Circlediameter of between 10 μm to 1000 μm, 50 μm to 500 μm, 75 μm to 350 μm,or 100 μm to 250 μm; ii) a mean Circularity of between 0.10 to 0.50 orbetween 0.35 to 0.45; iii) a mean Solidity of between 0.40 to 0.90, 0.70to 0.90, or 0.75 to 0.85; iv) a mean Roughness between 0.05 to 0.30 orbetween 0.05 to 0.15; v) a packing density of between 10 to 250 kg/m³,50 to 150 kg/m³, 60 to 120 kg/m³, or 70 to 100 kg/m³; vi) a hardness ofbetween 5 to 50 kg/mm² or 15 to 25 kg/mm².
 3. A personal carecomposition comprising a) abrasive particles having two or moreparameters selected from a group consisting of: i) a mean EquivalentCircle diameter of between 10 μm to 1000 μm, 50 μm to 500 μm, 75 μm to350 μm, or 100 μm to 250 μm; ii) a mean Circularity of between 0.10 to0.50 or between 0.35 to 0.45; iii) a mean Solidity of between 0.40 to0.90, 0.70 to 0.90, or 0.75 to 0.85; iv) a mean Roughness between 0.05to 0.30 or between 0.05 to 0.15; v) a packing density of between 10 to250 kg/m³, 50 to 150 kg/m³, 60 to 120 kg/m³, or 70 to 100 kg/m³; and vi)a hardness of between 5 to 50 kg/mm² or 15 to 25 kg/mm²; b) an active oragent selected from a group consisting of sugar amines, vitamins, oilcontrol agents, photosterols, hexamidine compounds, tightening agents,anti-wrinkle actives, anti-atrophy actives, flavonoids, N-acyl aminoacid compounds, retinoids, peptides, UV actives, photostabilizers,anti-cellulite agents, desquamation actives, anti-acne actives,anti-oxidants, radical scavengers, conditioning agents,anti-inflammatory agents, tanning actives, skin lightening agents,antiperspirant actives, sensates, anti-dandruff actives, andcombinations thereof; and c) a dermatologically acceptable carrier. 4.The personal care composition of claim 1, 2, or 2 wherein the abrasiveparticles have a) a mean Equivalent Circle diameter of between 10 μm to1000 μm, 50 μm to 500 μm, 75 μm to 350 μm, or 100 μm to 250 μm; b) amean Circularity of between 0.10 to 0.50 or between 0.35 to 0.45; c) amean Solidity of between 0.40 to 0.90, 0.70 to 0.90, or 0.75 to 0.85;and d) a mean Roughness between 0.05 to 0.30 or between 0.05 to 0.15. 5.The personal care composition of claim 1, 2, or 3 further comprisingfrom about 1% to about 95%, by weight of the composition, water.
 6. Thepersonal care composition of claim 1, 2, or 3 further comprising fromabout 1% to about 95%, by weight of the composition, oil.
 7. Thepersonal care composition of claim 14 wherein the oil is selected from agroup consisting of linear silicones, cyclic silicones, paraffinichydrocarbons, fatty esters, hydrocarbon oils, cationic silicone fluids,and combinations thereof.
 8. The personal care composition of claim 1,2, or 3 further comprising a structuring agent selected from a groupconsisting of polysaccharides, gums, carboxylic acid polymers,sulfonated polymers, acrylamide polymers, polyalkylglycols,polyglycerins, silicone elastomers, silicone gums, silicone waxes,polyamides, polysilicone-polyamide copolymers, natural and syntheticwaxes, natural and synthetic montmorillonite minerals, silicas,silicates, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
 9. Thepersonal care composition of claim 1 or 2 further comprising an activeor agent selected from a group consisting of sugar amines, vitamins, oilcontrol agents, photosterols, hexamidine compounds, tightening agents,anti-wrinkle actives, anti-atrophy actives, flavonoids, N-acyl aminoacid compounds, retinoids, peptides, UV actives, photostabilizers,anti-cellulite agents, desquamation actives, anti-acne actives,anti-oxidants, radical scavengers, conditioning agents,anti-inflammatory agents, tanning actives, skin lightening agents,antiperspirant actives, sensates, anti-dandruff actives, andcombinations thereof.
 10. The personal care composition of claim 3 or 8wherein the vitamins are selected from vitamin B3 compound, ascorbicacid, tocopherol acetate, panthenol, dexpanthenol, magnesium ascorbylphosphate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, retinyl propionate, andcombinations thereof.
 11. The personal care composition of claim 3 or 8wherein the active or agent is selected from glucosamine, glucosaminederivatives, salts of dehydroacetic acid, salicylic acid, hexamidinediisethionate, salts of dialkanoyl hydroxyproline, N-acyl phenylalanine,dipeptides, pentapeptides, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide,butylated hydroxytoluene, dihydroxyacetone, and combinations thereof.12. The personal care composition of claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein thecomposition is paraben free.
 13. The personal care composition of claim1, 2, or 3 wherein the abrasive particles comprise a reduced foamedpolymer.
 14. The personal care composition of claim 13 wherein thepolymer comprises a polymer selected from a group consisting ofpolystyrene, polyurethane, or a melamine resin.
 15. The personal carecomposition of claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein the abrasive particles areobtained by reducing foam obtained through a polymerized high internalphase emulsion.
 16. The personal care composition of claim 1, 2, or 3wherein the composition comprises from about 0.3% to about 10%, byweight of the composition, of abrasive particles.
 17. A method ofcleansing keratinous tissues, said method comprising the step ofapplying the composition of claim 1 to the keratinous tissue.
 18. Amethod of regulating the condition of keratinous tissue, said methodcomprising the step of applying the composition of claim 1, 2, or 3 tothe keratinous tissue.
 19. A method of thickening skin, said methodcomprising the step of applying to skin the composition of claim 1, 2,or
 3. 20. A method of regulating or improving skin atrophy, said methodcomprising the step of applying to skin in need of such regulation ofimprovement the composition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 21. A method ofregulating or improving the appearance of spider vessels and/or redblotchiness, said method comprising the step of applying to skin in needof such regulation or improvement the composition of claim 1, 2, or 3.22. A method of regulating or improving the appearance of dark,under-eye circles and/or puffy eyes, said method comprising the step ofapplying to skin in need of such regulation or improvement thecomposition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 23. A method of regulating or improvingsallowness of skin, said method comprising the step of applying to skinin need of such regulation or improvement the composition of claim 1, 2,or
 3. 24. A method of regulating or improving tanning of skin, saidmethod comprising the step of applying to skin in need of suchregulation or improvement the composition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 25. Amethod of desquamating, exfoliating, and/or increasing turnover in skin,said method comprising the step of applying to skin in need of suchregulation or improvement the composition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 26. Amethod of regulating or improving the size of pores in skin, said methodcomprising the step of applying to skin in need of such regulation orimprovement the composition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 27. A method ofregulating or improving the oily and/or shiny appearance of skin, saidmethod comprising the step of applying to skin in need of suchregulation or improvement the composition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 28. Amethod of regulating or improving hyperpigmentation, said methodcomprising the step of applying to the skin in need of such regulationor improvement the composition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 29. A method ofregulating or improving sagging of skin, said method comprising the stepof applying to the skin in need of such regulation or improvement thecomposition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 30. A method of softening and/orsmoothing lips, hair and nails, said method comprising the step ofapplying to the lips, hair, and nails in need of such regulation orimprovement the composition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 31. A method ofregulating or improving itch of skin, said method comprising the step ofapplying to the skin in need of such regulation or improvement thecomposition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 32. A method of regulating or improvingthe appearance of fine lines and/or wrinkles in skin, said methodcomprising the step of applying to the skin in need of such regulationor improvement the composition of claim 1, 2, or
 3. 33. A method ofregulating or improving skin dryness in skin, said method comprising thestep of applying to skin in need of such regulation or improvement thecomposition of claim 1, 2, or 3.